The intrinsic rarity of equilibrium response in stratigraphic processes

Junhui Wang , Tetsuji Muto
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Abstract

Conventional sequence stratigraphy is based, explicitly or implicitly, on the hypothesis that steady external forcing results in a steady stratigraphic configuration (equilibrium response), so that an unsteady stratigraphic configuration is usually believed to result from unsteady external forcing. Recent advances in autostratigraphy, on the other hand, have led to a significantly different notion that steady external forcing generally results in an unsteady stratigraphic configuration (non-equilibrium response). To advance this debate, it is necessary to clarify what exactly is meant by a steady stratigraphic configuration. Here, we propose a quantitative criterion for defining the latter concept in terms of the straightness of the shoreline trajectory, and specifically a straight shoreline trajectory or the shoreline being held still as a sign to express steady stratigraphic configurations. In such a definition, a steady stratigraphic configuration means that the ratio of the rate of aggradation and the rate of progradation is constant, or one of these two rates is zero. Based on this criterion, a total of 7 types of steady stratigraphic configurations can be clarified, most of which require unsteady external forcing and are thus realized by non-equilibrium response, although special cases exist. The reason that non-equilibrium responses dominate the stacking of strata is that it is common for a growing basin-margin depositional system to change its surface area. The size-changing system will easily change the stacking pattern (unsteady stratigraphic configuration) if the external forcing is steady, or, if the steady stratigraphic configuration is maintained, the rate of external forcing must change in a particular pattern (unsteady external forcing). Equilibrium responses can occur, but in very special cases. Conventional sequence stratigraphy should take into account the importance of non-equilibrium response.

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地层过程中平衡反应的内在稀缺性
传统的层序地层学或明或暗地基于这样一种假设,即稳定的外力作用会导致稳定的地层构造(平衡响应),因此,不稳定的地层构造通常被认为是由不稳定的外力作用造成的。另一方面,自地层学的最新进展导致了一种截然不同的观点,即稳定的外部作用通常会导致不稳定的地层构造(非平衡响应)。为了推动这一争论,有必要澄清稳定地层构造的确切含义。在此,我们提出了一个定量标准,用海岸线轨迹的平直度来定义后一个概念,特别是用平直的海岸线轨迹或海岸线保持静止来表示稳定的地层构型。在这种定义中,稳定的地层构造是指增厚速率和增厚速率的比值恒定不变,或者这两个速率中的一个速率为零。根据这一标准,总共可以明确 7 种稳定地层构型,其中大部分需要非稳定的外部作用力,因此是通过非平衡响应实现的,但也存在特殊情况。非平衡态响应在地层堆积中占主导地位的原因是,一个不断增长的盆地边缘沉积系统通常会改变其表面积。如果外力作用是稳定的,那么面积变化的系统就很容易改变堆积模式(不稳定的地层构造);如果要保持稳定的地层构造,那么外力作用的速率就必须以特定的模式变化(不稳定的外力作用)。平衡响应可能会出现,但只是在非常特殊的情况下。传统的层序地层学应考虑到非平衡响应的重要性。
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