Catalyzing sensing technologies for detection of heavy metal contaminants using anthraquinone functionalized nanocellulose

Abstract

An easy and cost-effective method has been presented to create a chemosensor AQNC based on the covalent linkage of an anthraquinone (AQ) derivative to nanocellulose (NC) and demonstrates efficient detection capabilities for Hg²⁺, Cr³⁺, and As³⁺ ions. The linkage between AQ and NC to form modified chemosensor AQNC has been confirmed thorough various characterization techniques such as infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When exposed to Hg²⁺/Cr³⁺/As³⁺ ions, the fluorescence spectrum of AQNC showed fluorescence quenching. This change has been attributed to the ease of the transfer of electrons and/or energy from the fluorophore (AQNC) to the empty d-orbital of the Hg²⁺/Cr³⁺/As³⁺ions that might have facilitated the non-radiative deactivation route, resulting in fluorescence quenching. Thus the successful generation of AQNC will open the imminent of cellulose for waste water remediation.