Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献

Controllable polysaccharide depolymerization by heparinases for efficient low molecular weight heparin production 可控多糖解聚肝素酶高效低分子量肝素生产

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101087

Fengling Yang , Ruirui Xu , Hao Huang , Jie Lu , Jiamin Feng , Xiaoyuan Sun , Jianghua Li , Guocheng Du , Zhen Kang

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used in clinical anticoagulant therapy. Although most commercial LMWHs are still produced through chemical depolymerization, enzymatic depolymerization using heparinases has emerged as a highly attractive alternative due to its environmental friendliness, high selectivity, and superior preservation of native heparin bioactivity. Heparinases selectively cleave specific glycosidic bonds in unfractionated heparin (UFH), enabling precise and controllable depolymerization of polysaccharide chains and thereby generating LMWHs with well-defined structures and favorable anticoagulant properties, typically reflected by anti-Xa/anti-IIa activity ratios. Distinct classes of heparinases differ in substrate specificity and catalytic mechanisms, allowing targeted cleavage guided by sulfation patterns and structural features. This review summarizes the substrate preferences, crystal structures, and catalytic mechanisms of heparinases, highlighting their mechanistic basis for controlled polysaccharide depolymerization. Recent advances in protein engineering and LMWHs production strategies are discussed, along with emerging trends and future directions aimed at enhancing catalytic performance and enabling more tailored, efficient, and sustainable LMWHs manufacturing.

低分子量肝素在临床抗凝治疗中有着广泛的应用。尽管大多数商业化的低分子肝素仍是通过化学解聚来生产的，但由于肝素酶的环境友好性、高选择性和天然肝素生物活性的良好保存，酶解聚已成为一种极具吸引力的替代方法。肝素酶选择性地切割未分离肝素（UFH）中特定的糖苷键，实现多糖链的精确和可控解聚，从而产生具有明确结构和良好抗凝性能的lmwh，通常反映在抗xa /抗iia活性比上。不同种类的肝素酶在底物特异性和催化机制上有所不同，允许在硫酸模式和结构特征的指导下进行靶向切割。本文综述了肝素酶的底物偏好、晶体结构和催化机制，重点介绍了其控制多糖解聚的机制基础。本文讨论了蛋白质工程和低分子硫化物生产策略的最新进展，以及旨在提高催化性能和实现更定制、高效和可持续的低分子硫化物制造的新兴趋势和未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring mechanical and functional properties of 3D-printed nanocellulose-alginate scaffolds via alternative ionic crosslinkers 通过替代离子交联剂定制3d打印纳米纤维素-海藻酸盐支架的机械和功能特性

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101084

Ana Peharda , Florian Lackner , Tobias Steindorfer , Julia Fink , Petra Kotzbeck , Rupert Kargl , Karin Stana Kleinscheck , Tamilselvan Mohan

Renewable polysaccharides combined with advanced 3D printing enable precise, biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE). Alginate hydrogels offer excellent biocompatibility and rapid gelation but lack mechanical strength and bioactivity. Adding nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) improves rheological and structural properties, yet research has mostly focused on conventional calcium-based crosslinking. This study evaluates insoluble divalent metal carbonate crosslinkers (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, Sr²⁺) in NFC–alginate inks printed via direct-ink-writing (DIW) 3D printing. Rheological tests confirmed shear-thinning behavior dominated by the polymer matrix, facilitating extrusion printing. Improved dimensional and mechanical stability resulted from gradual metal ion release and in situ crosslinking triggered by acetic acid in an ethanol–water medium. Sr²⁺-crosslinked scaffolds achieved the highest tensile strength (3.5 MPa) and modulus (16%), outperforming Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Zn²⁺. Sr²⁺ and Ca²⁺ also showed superior ion retention (>75%) and dimensional stability. SEM/EDX analysis confirmed compact matrices with uniform ion distribution. Cytocompatibility assays revealed that Sr²⁺ and Ca²⁺ scaffolds maintained high human cell viability (>80%), while Zn²⁺ was cytotoxic (<30%). These results highlight Sr²⁺ carbonate crosslinking as optimal for mechanical performance and biocompatibility, advancing NFC–alginate bioinks for regenerative and functional biomaterial applications.

可再生多糖与先进的3D打印相结合，为组织工程（TE）提供了精确的仿生支架。海藻酸盐水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性和快速凝胶性，但缺乏机械强度和生物活性。纳米纤化纤维素（NFC）的加入改善了材料的流变学和结构性能，但目前的研究主要集中在传统的钙基交联上。本研究评估了通过直接墨水书写（DIW） 3D打印的nfc -海藻酸盐油墨中不溶性二价金属碳酸盐交联剂（Mg 2 +、Ca 2 +、Zn 2 +、Sr 2 +）的性能。流变试验证实了聚合物基体主导的剪切减薄行为，有利于挤出印刷。在乙醇-水介质中，逐渐释放的金属离子和醋酸引发的原位交联提高了尺寸和机械稳定性。Sr 2 +交联支架获得了最高的抗拉强度（3.5 MPa）和模量（16%），优于Ca 2 +、Mg 2 +和Zn 2 +。Sr 2 +和Ca 2 +也表现出优异的离子保留率（>75%）和尺寸稳定性。SEM/EDX分析证实了致密的基体具有均匀的离子分布。细胞相容性实验表明，Sr 2 +和Ca 2 +支架保持较高的人体细胞活力（>80%），而Zn 2 +具有细胞毒性（<30%）。这些结果强调了Sr 2 +碳酸盐交联是机械性能和生物相容性的最佳选择，推进了nfc -海藻酸盐生物墨水在再生和功能性生物材料中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative evaluation of release behavior of synthetic taste-masking drugs using polysaccharide-based carrier with direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry 实时质谱法直接分析多糖基载体对合成掩味药物释放行为的定量评价

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101085

Zhao-Liang Hu , Ke Wang , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Xun Zhao , Mei Zhang , Yao-Zuo Yuan , Wen-Yuan Liu , Bao-Cheng Wang , Lei Chen , Sheng Tang , Hian Kee Lee , Hai-Wei Shi , Sheng-Jin Gong

Sodium alginate (ALG) is widely used as a taste-masking excipient in pediatric oral formulations, yet its release behavior is strongly governed by molecular structure. azithromycin (AZM, targeted bitterness probes)-loaded ALG microspheres using five different ALG specifications (with various molecular weights or mannuronic-to-guluronic acid (M/G) ratios) were prepared, with loading efficiencies between 17.71–19.48%. Thereafter, an on-line release-evaluation method was developed by integrating a flow-pump dissolution model with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS), enabling dynamic monitoring of AZM release under simulated oral conditions. Consequently, both molecular weights and M/G ratios were verified that can significantly affect the release behavior of the microspheres. Microspheres prepared by ALG with lower M/G ratios showed consistently limited release across the 1200-s testing period, reaching approximately 3% cumulative release. In contrast, those derived from ALG with higher M/G ratios displayed faster initial release during 0–300 s and achieved approximately 12% cumulative release at 1200 s. Molecular weight further modulated late-stage release, with lower-molecular-weight ALG samples exhibiting more significant increases in total AZM release. This approach offers a quantitative and mechanism-supported framework for optimizing polysaccharide-based taste-masking systems and achieving controlled drug release in pediatric formulations.

海藻酸钠（ALG）作为一种掩味赋形剂广泛应用于儿科口服配方中，但其释放行为受其分子结构的强烈影响。制备了5种不同ALG规格（不同分子量或甘露醛酸与古鲁醛酸（M/G）比）的阿奇霉素（AZM，靶向苦味探针）负载ALG微球，其负载效率在17.71 ~ 19.48%之间。随后，将流动泵溶出模型与实时质谱直接分析（DART-MS）相结合，建立了一种在线释放评价方法，实现了模拟口腔条件下AZM释放的动态监测。结果表明，分子量和M/G比对微球的释放行为有显著影响。较低M/G比的ALG制备的微球在1200-s的测试周期内释放持续有限，累积释放量约为3%。相比之下，高M/G比的ALG在0-300秒内表现出更快的初始释放，在1200秒时达到约12%的累积释放。分子量进一步调节了后期释放，低分子量ALG样品的AZM总释放量增加更显著。这种方法提供了一个定量和机制支持的框架，优化以多糖为基础的味觉掩蔽系统，并在儿科配方中实现药物释放控制。

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引用次数: 0

Development of UV-resistant carboxymethyl cellulose/ZnONPs based nanocomposite films derived from Zea mays husk and reinforced with Ananas comosus peel extract for active food packaging 玉米皮增强抗紫外羧甲基纤维素/ZnONPs纳米复合膜的研制

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101083

Md Abu Rayhan, Md. Murad Hossain, Tamanna Rahman, Md. Suhel Mia, Wahidu Zzaman

The increasing environmental burden of petroleum-based packaging underscores the need for biodegradable materials with enhanced functional performance. This study reports the development of composite films from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from Zea mays husk, reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and Ananas comosus peel extract (APE). Films were fabricated using a fixed ZnONPs concentration (5 wt % relative to CMC) and varying APE contents (5–15 % wt % relative to CMC), and their physicochemical, structural, and functional properties were systematically evaluated. The findings indicated that the CMC-ZnO-APE 10 % film exhibited optimal performance, with tensile strength increasing to 26.05 MPa, and water vapor permeability decreased by 32 %, along with lower moisture sensitivity, enhanced thermal stability with degradation onset above 200 °C, and near-complete UV shielding. Antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging) increased to 45.99 %, while effective antimicrobial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was observed. Additionally, high biodegradability of the polymeric matrix was achieved, with over 96 % weight loss after three weeks of soil burial. Structural analyses confirmed uniform nanoparticle dispersion within the CMC matrix. These findings advance the novelty of valorizing Zea mays husk and Ananas comosus peel into high-performance, biodegradable films with strong potential for sustainable food packaging applications.

石油基包装日益增加的环境负担强调了对具有增强功能性能的生物可降解材料的需求。本文报道了以玉米壳为原料制备羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnONPs）和蚕豆皮提取物（APE）增强复合膜的研究进展。采用固定的ZnONPs浓度（相对于CMC的重量为5 wt %）和不同的APE含量（相对于CMC的重量为5 wt %）制备薄膜，并对其物理化学、结构和功能特性进行系统评价。研究结果表明，CMC-ZnO-APE 10%的薄膜性能最佳，抗拉强度提高到26.05 MPa，水蒸气渗透性降低32%，同时具有较低的水分敏感性，增强的热稳定性，在200°C以上开始降解，并且几乎完全屏蔽紫外线。抗氧化活性（DPPH自由基清除率）提高至45.99%，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有较好的抑菌作用。此外，聚合物基质具有很高的生物降解性，在土壤掩埋三周后，重量减轻了96%以上。结构分析证实纳米颗粒在CMC基体内均匀分散。这些发现促进了玉米壳和蚕豆皮的创新，使其成为高性能、可生物降解的薄膜，具有可持续食品包装应用的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Antibiofilm activity of lactose and κ-carrabiose chitosan derivates 乳糖和κ- carcarose壳聚糖衍生物的抗膜活性

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101082

Romina Cingolani , Fernanda Buzzola , Diego A. Navarro

The use of natural polysaccharides, particularly chitosan and its derivatives, as agents to prevent biofilm formation and attenuate virulence properties of pathogenic bacteria has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study chitosan and some selected derivatives were tested for their antibacterial activity, with a N-alkylated lactose chitosan derivative and a N-alkylated κ-carrabiose chitosan derivative showing promising results as inhibitors of in vitro biofilm formation in the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. In combination with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, the selected lactose derivative showed a reduction in biofilm formation compared to the use of the antibiotic alone and was effective in alleviating the enhancement of biofilm formation that arrives as an unwanted effect of the antibiotic use. The novel κ-carrabiose-chitosan derivatives were synthesized using response surface methodology (RSM) and products with different degrees of substitution were obtained in a controlled manner. The reaction conditions were selected based on the prior optimization by RSM of the influential variables (reagent concentrations, volume, time and temperature) in the synthesis of lactose-chitosan derivatives. The reductive amination reaction using 2-picoline borane as a reducing agent was selected to achieve the synthesis of the chitosan derivatives, making the reaction and work-up greener and safer.

近年来，利用天然多糖，特别是壳聚糖及其衍生物，作为防止致病菌形成生物膜和减弱致病菌毒力的药剂受到越来越多的关注。本研究对壳聚糖及其衍生物的抑菌活性进行了测试，其中n -烷基化乳糖壳聚糖衍生物和n -烷基化κ-卡拉糖壳聚糖衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923的体外生物膜形成具有抑制作用。与抗生素环丙沙星联合使用时，与单独使用抗生素相比，所选择的乳糖衍生物显示出生物膜形成的减少，并且有效地减轻了生物膜形成的增强，而生物膜形成是抗生素使用的不良影响。利用响应面法（RSM）合成了新型κ- carcar糖-壳聚糖衍生物，并在可控的条件下得到了不同取代度的产物。对影响乳糖-壳聚糖衍生物合成的影响因素（试剂浓度、体积、时间和温度）进行了RSM优化，确定了反应条件。选择以2-吡啶硼烷为还原剂的还原性胺化反应来合成壳聚糖衍生物，使反应和加工更环保、更安全。

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引用次数: 0

Bottom-up assembly of cellulose nanocrystals as a green entry to structured functional carbons 纤维素纳米晶体的自下而上组装作为结构功能碳的绿色入口

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101080

Lucas Güemes , Víctor Calvo , Vanessa B. Maya-Segura , Elísabet Pires , Wolfgang K. Maser , Ana M. Benito , Enrique García-Bordejé , José M. González-Domínguez

The bottom-up assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into porous scaffolds offers a sustainable route to translate their intrinsic properties into functional 3D materials. This strategy enables precise control over porous architectures, unlocking opportunities for high-performance materials tailored to specific applications. Here, we present the fabrication of structured carbons derived from nanocellulose precursors. CNCs are isolated from cellulosic feedstock in type-I and type-II crystalline allomorphs via a one-pot synthesis process followed by minimal processing steps. The resulting aqueous CNC colloids self-assemble into cross-linked hydrogels through controlled hydrothermal aggregation, followed by lyophilization to produce macroporous aerogels (bulk porosities up to 98%). Each allomorph exhibits distinct aggregation behavior, explored for the first time with type-II CNCs. As proof of concept, these aerogels undergo pyrolysis at varying temperatures and subsequent sulfonation, yielding highly porous carbons functionalized with sulfonic acid groups (functionalization degree of ca. 2400 μmol·g⁻¹). The resulting materials combine macroporosity from hydrothermal assembly with microporosity generated during pyrolysis and sulfonation, forming a hierarchical structure ideal for catalytic applications. Their performance is demonstrated in solketal synthesis (yielding ∼90% of solketal in consecutive cycles after 4 h at room temperature) positioning CNC-based sulfonated aerogels as a greener alternative to conventional Brønsted acid catalysts and surpassing classical activated carbons in sustainability and design.

纤维素纳米晶体（cnc）自底向上组装成多孔支架，为将其固有特性转化为功能性3D材料提供了一条可持续的途径。这种策略可以精确控制多孔结构，为特定应用量身定制的高性能材料提供机会。在这里，我们提出了由纳米纤维素前体衍生的结构碳的制造。cnc是从i型和ii型晶体异形体的纤维素原料中分离出来的，通过一锅合成过程，然后进行最小的加工步骤。所得的CNC水性胶体通过受控的水热聚集自组装成交联的水凝胶，然后进行冻干生产大孔气凝胶（体积孔隙率高达98%）。每种异构体都表现出不同的聚集行为，这是第一次用ii型cnc进行研究。作为概念的证明，这些气凝胶在不同温度下进行热解和随后的磺化，得到具有磺酸基的高多孔碳（功能化度约为2400 μmol·g−1）。所得到的材料结合了水热组装的大孔隙和热解和磺化过程中产生的微孔隙，形成了理想的催化应用的分层结构。它们的性能在溶胶合成中得到了证明（在室温下连续循环4小时后产生约90%的溶胶），这使得基于cnc的磺化气凝胶成为传统Brønsted酸催化剂的更环保的替代品，并且在可持续性和设计上超越了传统活性炭。

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引用次数: 0

Chitosan-based structures for targeting bacterial biofilm-associated genes 靶向细菌生物膜相关基因的壳聚糖结构

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101077

Shima Afrasiabi

Biofilms are a common lifestyle, in which bacteria grow as multicellular communities. The negative consequences of biofilms are well known. The targeted suppression of certain genes is a promising approach for combating biofilms. Chitosan (CS) has become a focus of biomedical research due to its antimicrobial activity and high biocompatibility. The modification of CS is an important aspect of CS research. The present review deals with the use of CS-based structures in combating bacterial biofilms, with a focus on biofilm-associated genes. CS or CS nanoparticles (NPs), CS functionally modified with natural compounds, metals or metal NPs, or as a drug delivery system are discussed. This review also presents various strategies to improve the performance of CS in biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, bone scaffolds, and dentistry. This knowledge collectively demonstrates the versatility of CS-based structures in disrupting biofilm formation by targeting biofilm-associated genes and provides valuable insights for the development of next-generation antibiofilm therapeutics.

生物膜是一种常见的生活方式，细菌在其中以多细胞群落的形式生长。生物膜的负面影响是众所周知的。靶向抑制某些基因是对抗生物膜的一种很有前途的方法。壳聚糖（CS）因其具有抗菌活性和高生物相容性而成为生物医学研究的热点。CS的修正是CS研究的一个重要方面。本文综述了基于cs的结构在对抗细菌生物膜中的应用，重点介绍了生物膜相关基因。讨论了CS或CS纳米颗粒（NPs）， CS与天然化合物，金属或金属NPs进行功能修饰，或作为药物递送系统。本文还介绍了提高CS在生物医学应用中的性能的各种策略，如药物输送系统、伤口愈合、骨支架和牙科。这些知识共同证明了基于cs的结构在通过靶向生物膜相关基因破坏生物膜形成方面的多功能性，并为开发下一代抗生物膜疗法提供了有价值的见解。

引用次数: 0

Chitooligosaccharides promote intestinal adhesion of Clostridium butyricum and enhance gut health, immunity, and antioxidant capacity in largemouth bass 壳寡糖促进丁酸梭菌肠道黏附，增强大口黑鲈肠道健康、免疫力和抗氧化能力

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101076

Ge Bai , Xiaohu Li , Honghao Ding , Diying Li , Keke Li , Wen Zhou , Yunxiang Liang , Yingjun Li

Prebiotic polysaccharides and oligosaccharides serve as critical modulators of probiotic functionality, influencing gut microbial ecology and host physiological responses. This study aimed to identify a high-efficacy prebiotic for enhancing the proliferation and intestinal adhesion of Clostridium butyricum (CB) among multiple polysaccharides and to evaluate its impact of combined treatment with CB in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Through systematic screening, chitooligosaccharides (COS) were selected due to their superior ability to promote CB growth and adhesion. Although no significant differences in growth performance were observed among groups, dietary supplementation with COS and CB in combination reduced hepatic stress markers (ALT: –75.8 %; AST: –83.8 %) and significantly improved intestinal antioxidant capacity (GSH-Px: +282.4 %; T-AOC: +121.0 %; MDA: –34.3 %). RT-qRCR analysis revealed profound upregulation of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-4, ZO-1), indicating enhanced barrier integrity. Hepatic cytokine profiling showed strong immunomodulatory effects, with suppression of IL-1β and IL-8 by 75.7 % and 73.6 %, respectively, and upregulation of IL-10 (2.29-fold) and TCR-α/β (3–4-fold). Gut microbiome restructuring featured a reduction in Pseudomonadota and enrichment of beneficial Bacillota. These results demonstrate that combined COS and CB supplementation improved intestinal barrier function, antioxidant capacity, and immunomodulation, and modulated gut microbiota, suggesting its potential as a sustainable strategy for aquaculture.

益生元多糖和寡糖是益生菌功能的重要调节剂，影响肠道微生物生态和宿主生理反应。本研究旨在寻找一种能在多种多糖中促进丁酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum， CB）增殖和肠道粘附的高效益生元，并评价其与丁酸梭菌联合处理对大黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）的影响。通过系统筛选，选择了壳寡糖（COS），因为它具有促进CB生长和粘附的能力。虽然各组间生长性能无显著差异，但饲粮中添加COS和CB可降低肝脏应激指标（ALT: - 75.8%; AST: - 83.8%），显著提高肠道抗氧化能力（GSH-Px: + 282.4%; T-AOC: + 121.0%; MDA: - 34.3%）。RT-qRCR分析显示紧密连接蛋白（Claudin-1, Claudin-4, ZO-1）的深度上调，表明屏障完整性增强。肝脏细胞因子谱显示出较强的免疫调节作用，IL-1β和IL-8分别被抑制75.7%和73.6%,IL-10（2.29倍）和TCR-α/β（3 - 4倍）上调。肠道微生物组重组的特点是假单胞菌减少和有益杆菌的富集。上述结果表明，COS和CB联合添加可改善肠道屏障功能、抗氧化能力和免疫调节能力，并可调节肠道微生物群，表明其在水产养殖中具有可持续发展的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A novel pH-responsive corn starch/polylactic acid bilayer film: Application for the freshness preservation of hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) 新型ph响应玉米淀粉/聚乳酸双层膜在带鱼保鲜中的应用

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101075

Haoyun Deng , Xiaoxiao Guo , Chang Sun , Yan Zheng , Mengshi Chen , Bin Zhang , Shanggui Deng , Jiasheng Chen , Jing Chen

Food packaging is essential for preventing contamination, but traditional plastics contribute significantly to pollution, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Intelligent packaging can extend food shelf life by monitoring factors like pH, temperature, and humidity. Hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) is highly perishable, necessitating advanced preservation technologies. A bilayer composite film (ZnO-MAE/CS/PLA) was developed using corn starch (CS) and polylactic acid (PLA) via casting. The CS inner layer is hydrophilic, and the PLA outer layer is hydrophobic. Mulberry anthocyanin extract (MAE) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) provide antioxidant, antimicrobial, and pH-responsive properties. Unlike petroleum-based dyes, MAE is non-toxic and eco-friendly. SEM analysis showed uniform ZnO NP dispersion at 2–4%, improving tensile strength (8.08 to 9.58 MPa) and elongation (24.71% to 25.56%). Higher concentrations led to aggregation and slight reductions in mechanical properties. Optimal performance, with balanced mechanical strength, antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and pH sensitivity, was observed at 6% ZnO NPs. The film also inhibited microbial growth and nutrient oxidation, significantly extending the shelf life of hairtail. Thus, ZnO-MAE/CS/PLA films hold great potential as intelligent, eco-friendly packaging for hairtail preservation.

食品包装对防止污染至关重要，但传统塑料会严重造成污染，因此需要可持续的替代品。智能包装可以通过监测pH值、温度和湿度等因素来延长食品的保质期。带鱼极易腐烂，需要先进的保存技术。以玉米淀粉（CS）和聚乳酸（PLA）为原料，通过浇铸法制备了ZnO-MAE/CS/PLA双层复合薄膜。CS内层为亲水性，PLA外层为疏水性。桑树花青素提取物（MAE）和氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）具有抗氧化、抗菌和ph响应特性。与石油基染料不同，MAE是无毒和环保的。SEM分析表明，ZnO NP分散均匀，在2-4%范围内，提高了抗拉强度（8.08 ~ 9.58 MPa）和伸长率（24.71% ~ 25.56%）。较高的浓度会导致聚集和机械性能的轻微降低。在6% ZnO NPs中，该材料具有平衡的机械强度、对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性和pH敏感性。该膜还能抑制带鱼的微生物生长和营养物质氧化，显著延长带鱼的保质期。因此，ZnO-MAE/CS/PLA薄膜作为带鱼保存的智能、环保包装具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

p-Sulfonated calix[4]arene grafted on magnetic chitosan as efficient and recyclable multifunctional bio-nanocatalyst for various organic transformations 磁性壳聚糖接枝对磺酸杯芳烃作为多种有机转化的高效、可回收多功能生物纳米催化剂

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101074

Saied Shafiei Navid, Rahman Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Salehi

Biopolymers are abundant and sustainable materials that have various benefits, including reducing the development of secondary pollution because of their inherent environmental friendliness. For this reason, this study aims to prepare a chitosan-based magnetic nanocatalyst by grafting sulfonated calix[4]arene as a Brønsted acid moiety onto magnetic chitosan using isophorone diisocyanate as a linker. The prepared bio-based nanocatalyst, designated as SCA@MCS, was characterized using various analysis methods, including FT-IR, PXRD, TGA, SEM, EDS/MAPP, TEM, CHNS, VSM, and Zeta potential. The simultaneous presence of chitosan and p-sulfonated calix[4]arene endows SCA@MCS with both acidic and basic active sites, making it an effective multifunctional nanocatalyst. Consequently, the bio-based SCA@MCS was applied as a reusable heterogenous nanocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of various organic compounds, including dihydropyridine (89–98 %), dihydropyrimidine (82–98 %), dihydropyrrolone (89–95 %), and benzoate ester derivatives (98–99 %). The absence of toxic solvents, mild reaction conditions, simple work-up procedures, the use of a low amount of nanocatalyst, high reaction yields, and the reusability of the nanocatalyst are the key advantages of the introduced SCA@MCS magnetic nanocatalyst. These results demonstrate that the grafting of sulfonated calix[4]arene onto magnetic chitosan provides an efficient bio-based multifunctional nanocatalyst for the synthesis of various biologically active compounds and biodiesel production.

生物聚合物是一种丰富的可持续材料，由于其固有的环境友好性，具有减少二次污染等多种效益。为此，本研究旨在以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为连接剂，将磺化的杯状芳烃作为br / nsted酸段接枝到磁性壳聚糖上，制备壳聚糖基磁性纳米催化剂。采用FT-IR、PXRD、TGA、SEM、EDS/MAPP、TEM、CHNS、VSM和Zeta电位等多种分析方法对制备的生物基纳米催化剂SCA@MCS进行了表征。壳聚糖和对磺化杯芳烃的同时存在使SCA@MCS具有酸性和碱性活性位点，成为一种有效的多功能纳米催化剂。因此，生物基SCA@MCS被用作可重复使用的多相纳米催化剂，用于高效合成各种有机化合物，包括二氢吡啶（89 - 98%）、二氢嘧啶（82 - 98%）、二氢吡咯酮（89 - 95%）和苯甲酸酯衍生物（98 - 99%）。无有毒溶剂，反应条件温和，后处理程序简单，纳米催化剂用量少，反应收率高，纳米催化剂的可重复使用是SCA@MCS磁性纳米催化剂的主要优点。这些结果表明，在磁性壳聚糖上接枝磺化杯芳烃为合成各种生物活性化合物和生产生物柴油提供了一种高效的生物基多功能纳米催化剂。

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引用次数: 0