Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献

ROS-Responsive Iodine-Embedded Cyclodextrin Nanoplatform for Multipurpose Periodontitis Therapy 多用途牙周炎治疗的ros响应碘包埋环糊精纳米平台

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101070

Siyu He , Huipeng Xu , Siwen Wang , Xintao Chen , Yunxi Li , Wuzhen Ma , Xiaohong Ren , Li Wu , Yanling Xue , Jiwen Zhang

Periodontitis, an inflammatory disorder driven by microbial dysbiosis, is featured as elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysregulated inflammation, leading to tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption. A promising therapeutic approach involves antimicrobial actions with ROS neutralization. Addressing the clinical limitation of elemental iodine (I₂) to topical use, we engineered a ROS-scavenging covalent cyclodextrin framework (CCF) embedding I₂ to confer dual functionality for periodontitis treatment. Initially, potassium iodide cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (KI-CD-MOF) was synthesized, which was then cross-linked with oxalyl chloride to introduce a ROS-scavenging peroxalate ester bond. Simultaneously, the iodide ions in KI-CD-MOF were oxidized to I₂, which was integrated throughout the framework. The resulting I₂-CCF particles had a cubic morphology (300–500 nm) and an I₂ content of 1.03±0.45 %, exhibiting an outstanding biosafety profile, strong bactericidal effectiveness, and significant ROS elimination capability. In vitro, I₂-CCF downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and Arg-1. Crucially, in a rodent periodontitis model, I₂-CCF effectively suppressed dental plaque accumulation, reduced periodontal inflammation, and limited alveolar bone resorption. This work establishes I₂-CCF as a multipurpose nanotherapeutic that concurrently targets the infectious and oxidative components of periodontitis, offering a potent alternative to conventional treatments.

牙周炎是一种由微生物生态失调引起的炎症性疾病，其特征是活性氧（ROS）升高和炎症失调，导致组织破坏和牙槽骨吸收。一种很有前途的治疗方法包括与ROS中和的抗菌作用。为了解决局部使用元素碘（I2）的临床局限性，我们设计了一种包埋I2的共价环糊精框架（CCF），以赋予治疗牙周炎的双重功能。首先合成碘化钾环糊精金属有机骨架（KI-CD-MOF），然后与草酰氯交联，形成清除ros的过草酸酯键。同时，KI-CD-MOF中的碘离子被氧化为I2， I2在整个框架中被整合。得到的I2- ccf颗粒具有立方形态（300-500 nm）， I2含量为1.03±0.45%，具有良好的生物安全性、强杀菌效果和显著的ROS消除能力。在体外，I2-CCF下调促炎因子TNF-α和IL-1β的表达，促进抗炎标志物IL-10和Arg-1的分泌。关键是，在啮齿动物牙周炎模型中，I2-CCF有效抑制牙菌斑积累，减少牙周炎症，限制牙槽骨吸收。这项工作建立了I2-CCF作为一种多用途的纳米治疗药物，同时针对牙周炎的感染性和氧化性成分，为传统治疗提供了一种有效的替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

On the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of chitosans prepared from Hermetia illucens and Schistocerca gregaria on antibacterial activity. Application against reference and isolated resistant bacteria 研究了黑藻和格里格血吸虫壳聚糖的理化性质对抗菌活性的影响。对照及分离耐药菌的应用

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101110

S. Elkadaoui , I. Dilagui , M. Azzi , N. Soraa , J. Desbrieres , Y. El Hachimi , A. Tolaimate

Chitosans with controlled physicochemical properties were prepared from insects Hermetia illucens and Schistocerca gregaria. Chitosans are obtained with molar masses (Mv) ranging from 15,000 to 188,000 g/mol, low degree of acetylation (0%≤ DA≤10%) and porous or fibrous surface structure. The antibacterial activity of these chitosans was evaluated against reference and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains using the disk diffusion method after determining the optimal concentrations of acetic acid and chitosan. All prepared chitosans showed inhibition zone diameters ranging from 14 to 18 mm, depending on the bacterial strain and the chitosan's properties. When the DA≤10%, chitosans with Mv ≥ 80,000 g/mol provide greater antibacterial activity than those with Mv≤20,000 g/mol. For comparable Mv, chitosans with low DA exhibit better antibacterial activity than commercial chitosans with DA of 29% to 43%. Fully deacetylated chitosan exhibits the widest zones of inhibition as well as the lowest minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. The presence of porous surface structure slightly enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas no significant effect was observed for Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of chitosan with DA = 0% and Mv = 100,000 g/mol was compared to that of antibiotics gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. A 21% improvement was observed against Enterococcus faecalis compared to gentamicin while for other reference strains, this chitosan provided 68% to 86% of the activity of gentamicin and 49% to 80% of that of ciprofloxacin. For isolated resistant bacteria, the improvement compared to gentamicin was 29% to 54%. For ciprofloxacin, to which Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant, this chitosan shows inhibition zones of 17 mm. These results suggest that chitosan is an effective antibacterial agent.

以昆虫Hermetia illucens和Schistocerca gregaria为原料制备了理化性质可控的壳聚糖。所得壳聚糖的摩尔质量（Mv）在15000 ~ 188000 g/mol之间，乙酰化程度低（0%≤DA≤10%），表面呈多孔或纤维状结构。确定乙酸和壳聚糖的最佳浓度后，采用圆盘扩散法评价壳聚糖对参比菌和多药耐药菌的抑菌活性。所有制备的壳聚糖都显示出直径在14到18毫米之间的抑制区，这取决于细菌菌株和壳聚糖的性质。当DA≤10%时，Mv≥80000 g/mol的壳聚糖比Mv≤20000 g/mol的壳聚糖具有更强的抗菌活性。在相同Mv条件下，低DA的壳聚糖比DA为29% ~ 43%的商品壳聚糖具有更好的抗菌活性。完全去乙酰化壳聚糖具有最宽的抑制区，最低抑菌浓度和杀菌浓度最低。多孔表面结构的存在略微增强了对革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性，而对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性无显著影响。将DA = 0%、Mv = 100,000 g/mol时壳聚糖的抑菌活性与抗生素庆大霉素和环丙沙星进行比较。与庆大霉素相比，壳聚糖对粪肠球菌的活性提高21%，而对其他参考菌株，壳聚糖对庆大霉素的活性提高68%至86%，对环丙沙星的活性提高49%至80%。对于分离的耐药细菌，与庆大霉素相比，改善幅度为29%至54%。对于鲍曼不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌耐药的环丙沙星，这种壳聚糖显示出17毫米的抑制带。说明壳聚糖是一种有效的抗菌剂。

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引用次数: 0

Starch based biodegradable packaging systems and their interactions with food components, shelf-life implications: A review 淀粉基可生物降解包装系统及其与食品成分的相互作用，对保质期的影响：综述

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101067

Anand kumar , Saranyadevi S․ , Selva Kumar T․ , Shankar Neupane , Subhash V. Pawde , Shucheng Liu , Sadaqat Ali , Shuai Wei

Growing environmental concerns surrounding petroleum-based plastics have accelerated the development of starch-based packaging systems as sustainable and biodegradable alternatives. This review critically examines the structure-property relationships of starch films, structure, modifications, interactions with food components, and recent advancements aimed at enhancing their functional performance. Strategies such as chemical modifications, polymer blending, and developing starch-based film with proteins, nanocomposites significantly enhance the mechanical strength, barrier properties, and functional characteristics. The incorporation of natural additives, including essential oils and plant-derived extracts, increases the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, extends the shelf-life of various food products. Recent advancements, such as the integration of biopolymers, reduce water vapor permeability while maintaining the mechanical integrity. Emerging technologies, including reactive extrusion and 3D printing, further support functionalized film fabrication and the valorization of agricultural waste streams. Despite these advances, challenges remain in terms of moisture sensitivity, industrial scalability, and cost-effectiveness. This review synthesizes current insights on starch-based films with their types, properties, performance enhancement strategies, food component interactions, through composition modifications, and sustainability considerations, providing a roadmap for future research toward multifunctional, intelligent, and commercially viable starch-based packaging solutions.

围绕石油基塑料的日益增长的环境问题加速了淀粉基包装系统作为可持续和可生物降解替代品的发展。本文综述了淀粉膜的结构-性能关系，结构，修饰，与食品成分的相互作用，以及旨在提高其功能性能的最新进展。化学改性、聚合物共混、开发淀粉基膜与蛋白质、纳米复合材料等策略显著提高了机械强度、屏障性能和功能特性。天然添加剂的加入，包括精油和植物提取物，增加了抗菌和抗氧化性能，延长了各种食品的保质期。最近的进步，如生物聚合物的集成，在保持机械完整性的同时减少了水蒸气的渗透性。新兴技术，包括反应挤出和3D打印，进一步支持功能化薄膜制造和农业废物流的增值。尽管取得了这些进步，但在湿度敏感性、工业可扩展性和成本效益方面仍然存在挑战。本文综述了淀粉基薄膜的类型、性能、性能增强策略、食品成分的相互作用、通过成分修改和可持续性考虑等方面的最新研究成果，为未来研究多功能、智能化和商业上可行的淀粉基包装解决方案提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

“Moringa oleifera cellulose nanocrystals scaffold ZnO for enhanced biocompatibility and diabetic enzyme regulation” 辣木纤维素纳米晶支架ZnO用于增强生物相容性和糖尿病酶调节

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101091

Monica K.J. Nidhi , Ajay V B , Hanumantagouda Basavanagoudra , Shivraj H , Arun K Shettar , Joy H Hoskeri , Kotresh M Goudar , Uma Reddy B

Cellulose nanocrystals from Moringa oleifera (MO-CNC) enable a novel, sustainable synthesis of MO-CNC–ZnO nanohybrid, representing the first integration of this plant-derived scaffold with ZnO for advanced biomedical utility. Structural analyses reveal groundbreaking hybridization effects: XRD confirms reduced crystallite size (7.69 nm vs. 20.40 nm for pristine ZnO) and heightened crystallinity (88.65 %), while FTIR/EDS validate uniform functionalization. TEM/SAED display defined morphologies with crystalline domains, and optimized band gap for superior stability and dispersity. This platform delivers potent α-amylase (IC50 = 43.64 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 49.54 µg/mL) inhibition, comparable to acarbose (IC50 = 42.61 µg/mL and 42.8 µg/mL, respectively). Robust antioxidant activity (84 % DPPH scavenging), anti-inflammatory effects through IL-2/TNF-α/COX-2 downregulation and TGF-β upregulation, accelerated wound closure (83% at 24 h), and selective cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells. Notably, it exhibits enhanced biocompatibility over pristine ZnO, multi-species hemocompatibility testing confirmed exceptional blood safety (<2 % hemolysis across human, rabbit, goat, sheep, duck, and chicken erythrocytes at 750 μg/mL), revealing CNC's capping effect that preserves ZnO bioactivity without cytotoxicity and >95 % L929 fibroblast viability (vs. 70 % for ZnO). MO-CNC–ZnO emerges as a pioneering, biocompatible nanotherapeutic targeting diabetes, inflammation, and pancreatic cancer.

辣木（Moringa oleifera）纤维素纳米晶体（MO-CNC）实现了一种新型的、可持续的MO-CNC - ZnO纳米复合物的合成，代表了这种植物衍生支架与ZnO的首次集成，用于先进的生物医学用途。结构分析显示了突破性的杂化效应：XRD证实晶体尺寸减小（7.69 nm，而原始ZnO为20.40 nm），结晶度提高（88.65%），而FTIR/EDS证实了均匀的官能化。TEM/SAED显示具有晶域的定义形态，并优化了带隙，具有优越的稳定性和分散性。该平台具有较强的α-淀粉酶（IC50 = 43.64µg/mL）和α-葡萄糖苷酶（IC50 = 49.54µg/mL）抑制作用，与阿卡波糖（IC50 = 42.61µg/mL和42.8µg/mL）相当。强大的抗氧化活性（84%的DPPH清除率），通过IL-2/TNF-α/COX-2下调和TGF-β上调的抗炎作用，加速伤口愈合（24 h时83%），以及对PANC-1细胞的选择性细胞毒性。值得注意的是，它比原始氧化锌表现出更高的生物相容性，多物种血液相容性测试证实了卓越的血液安全性（750 μg/mL时，人、兔、山羊、绵羊、鸭和鸡的红细胞溶血率为2%），揭示了CNC的封盖效应，保留了氧化锌的生物活性而没有细胞毒性和95%的L929成纤维细胞活力（氧化锌为70%）。MO-CNC-ZnO是一种开创性的、生物相容性的纳米治疗药物，用于治疗糖尿病、炎症和胰腺癌。

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引用次数: 0

Active edible coatings for smart food preservation and sustainability: A review 用于智能食品保鲜和可持续性的活性食用涂料研究进展

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101061

Mahmuda Tasnim , Md. Nahidul Islam

Active edible coatings have progressed from basic biopolymer layers to advanced multifunctional systems aimed at mitigating food quality deterioration and addressing sustainability challenges. This research investigates the shift from traditional polymers to novel, sustainable materials derived from agro-industrial by-products, emphasizing their significance in advancing circular bioeconomy initiatives and reducing reliance on synthetic plastics. This study contributes by synthesizing recent advancements in innovative and active preservation techniques. The methods encompass antibacterial and antioxidant properties, controlled-release systems, and nano-enhancements that govern gas exchange, moisture transfer, and biochemical degradation. Additionally, novel manufacturing techniques such as electrospraying, electrospinning, and layer-by-layer assembly are assessed for their effectiveness in designing coating microstructures and controlling release kinetics, thus exceeding traditional methods. This review analyzes next-generation active edible coatings that serve as bioactive barriers, prolonging shelf life, preserving sensory qualities, and promoting environmentally sustainable food preservation by integrating sustainability, material innovation, and practical effectiveness.

活性食用涂层已经从基本的生物聚合物层发展到先进的多功能系统，旨在减轻食品质量恶化和解决可持续性挑战。本研究调查了从传统聚合物到新型可持续材料的转变，这些材料来源于农业工业副产品，强调了它们在推进循环生物经济倡议和减少对合成塑料的依赖方面的重要性。本研究通过综合创新和有效保存技术的最新进展作出贡献。这些方法包括抗菌和抗氧化性能，控制释放系统，以及控制气体交换，水分转移和生化降解的纳米增强。此外，新的制造技术，如电喷涂、静电纺丝和层接层组装，在设计涂层微观结构和控制释放动力学方面的有效性也得到了评估，从而超越了传统的方法。本文综述了结合可持续性、材料创新和实用效果的新一代可食用活性涂料，它们具有生物活性屏障、延长保质期、保持感官品质和促进环境可持续食品保鲜的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Design of responsive films using phenylurea modified chitosan and Viburnum tinus L. extract as natural indicator 以苯脲改性壳聚糖和豆荚提取物为天然指示剂的反应膜设计

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101103

Mouad El Mouzahim , Alessandro Pedrini , Enrico Dalcanale , N. Riboni , F. Bianchi , A. Jorge Parola , Roberta Pinalli

Chitosan (Cs) films are attractive for sustainable packaging due to biodegradability and intrinsic antimicrobial activity, yet their barrier and mechanical performances are often insufficient for demanding applications. Here, we report a two-step strategy combining covalent phenylurea grafting on chitosan (Cs-PU) with the incorporation of a Viburnum tinus L. fruit ethanolic extract (VTE) as a natural, pH-responsive indicator. Phenylurea grafting was designed to introduce strong, directional intermolecular interactions within the polymer matrix and led to marked improvements in film performance: compared with pristine Cs, Cs-PU showed ∼25 % higher tensile strength, a higher surface hydrophobicity (water contact angle: 81.8° → 101.2°), and a lower water vapor permeability (3.5 → 2.6 × 10⁻¹¹ g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹·Pa⁻¹). VTE, not previously reported as an additive for biopolymer film modification, endowed the films with pH-responsive optical functionality, producing a clear and reversible color shift over pH 0–14, while maintaining good structural and barrier properties. As a proof-of-concept application, Cs-PU@VTE films were used as headspace indicator labels for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): the labels exhibited rapid and sensitive colorimetric responses to spoilage-related volatile amines, with visible changes within 24 h at room temperature, enabling real-time freshness monitoring. Overall, this work demonstrates an integrated approach to obtain bio-based films that combine improved mechanical/barrier properties with smart colorimetric functionality for potential packaging applications.

壳聚糖（Cs）薄膜由于其生物降解性和固有的抗菌活性而成为可持续包装的吸引力，但其屏障和机械性能往往不足以满足苛刻的应用。在这里，我们报道了一种两步策略，结合壳聚糖（Cs-PU）上的共价苯脲接枝和Viburnum tinus L.果实乙醇提取物（VTE）作为天然的ph响应指示剂。苯脲接枝的目的是在聚合物基体中引入强的、定向的分子间相互作用，并导致薄膜性能的显著改善：与原始Cs相比，Cs- pu的抗张强度提高了~ 25%，表面疏水性更高（水接触角：81.8°→101.2°），水蒸气渗透率更低（3.5→2.6 × 10⁻¹¹g·m⁻¹s⁻·Pa⁻¹）。VTE以前没有作为生物聚合物薄膜改性的添加剂报道，它赋予薄膜pH响应光学功能，在pH 0-14范围内产生清晰可逆的色移，同时保持良好的结构和屏障性能。作为概念验证应用，Cs-PU@VTE薄膜被用作大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）的顶空指示标签：该标签对腐败相关的挥发性胺表现出快速敏感的比色反应，在室温下24小时内可以看到变化，从而实现实时新鲜度监测。总的来说，这项工作展示了一种综合方法来获得生物基薄膜，该薄膜结合了改进的机械/屏障性能和智能比色功能，可用于潜在的包装应用。

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引用次数: 0

Controllable polysaccharide depolymerization by heparinases for efficient low molecular weight heparin production 可控多糖解聚肝素酶高效低分子量肝素生产

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101087

Fengling Yang , Ruirui Xu , Hao Huang , Jie Lu , Jiamin Feng , Xiaoyuan Sun , Jianghua Li , Guocheng Du , Zhen Kang

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used in clinical anticoagulant therapy. Although most commercial LMWHs are still produced through chemical depolymerization, enzymatic depolymerization using heparinases has emerged as a highly attractive alternative due to its environmental friendliness, high selectivity, and superior preservation of native heparin bioactivity. Heparinases selectively cleave specific glycosidic bonds in unfractionated heparin (UFH), enabling precise and controllable depolymerization of polysaccharide chains and thereby generating LMWHs with well-defined structures and favorable anticoagulant properties, typically reflected by anti-Xa/anti-IIa activity ratios. Distinct classes of heparinases differ in substrate specificity and catalytic mechanisms, allowing targeted cleavage guided by sulfation patterns and structural features. This review summarizes the substrate preferences, crystal structures, and catalytic mechanisms of heparinases, highlighting their mechanistic basis for controlled polysaccharide depolymerization. Recent advances in protein engineering and LMWHs production strategies are discussed, along with emerging trends and future directions aimed at enhancing catalytic performance and enabling more tailored, efficient, and sustainable LMWHs manufacturing.

低分子量肝素在临床抗凝治疗中有着广泛的应用。尽管大多数商业化的低分子肝素仍是通过化学解聚来生产的，但由于肝素酶的环境友好性、高选择性和天然肝素生物活性的良好保存，酶解聚已成为一种极具吸引力的替代方法。肝素酶选择性地切割未分离肝素（UFH）中特定的糖苷键，实现多糖链的精确和可控解聚，从而产生具有明确结构和良好抗凝性能的lmwh，通常反映在抗xa /抗iia活性比上。不同种类的肝素酶在底物特异性和催化机制上有所不同，允许在硫酸模式和结构特征的指导下进行靶向切割。本文综述了肝素酶的底物偏好、晶体结构和催化机制，重点介绍了其控制多糖解聚的机制基础。本文讨论了蛋白质工程和低分子硫化物生产策略的最新进展，以及旨在提高催化性能和实现更定制、高效和可持续的低分子硫化物制造的新兴趋势和未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

3D printing of azithromycin loaded gummies for paediatric patients using a carrageenan-based thermoresponsive system 使用基于卡拉胶的热响应系统为儿科患者3D打印装载阿奇霉素的软糖

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101096

Costanza Fratini , Anna Imbriano , Ilenia D’Abbrunzo , Federica Bigucci , Mattia Tiboni , Carola Parolin , Angela Abruzzo , Dritan Hasa , Cinzia Pagano , Luca Casettari

Azithromycin (AZT) is widely used in paediatric medicine, but its poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability (∼37 %) limit its therapeutic effectiveness and required high dosages contribute to side effects that reduce treatment adherence. This study presents a formulation strategy that combines solubility enhancement with semisolid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing to produce personalised, chewable AZT-loaded gummies suitable for children.

An oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion was developed using pumpkin seed oil, soy lecithin, and Labrasol® to improve AZT solubility. The emulsion was structured into a printable gel matrix using carrageenan and bentonite nanoclay, enabling extrusion at 62 °C and solidification at 15 °C without post-processing. Rheological analysis confirmed shear-thinning behaviour, high storage modulus, and 85.9 % thixotropic recovery, supporting smooth extrusion and shape retention. Moreover, the printed gummies met European Pharmacopoeia standards for weight and drug content uniformity and remained mechanically stable up to 90 days in packages sealed under vacuum. PXRD confirmed AZT was amorphously dispersed in the developed formulation, and antimicrobial assays showed retained efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

This work demonstrates a reproducible and scalable method for paediatric antibiotic delivery that leverages SSE 3D printing, thus offering flexible dosing, improved solubility, and enhanced patient acceptability.

阿奇霉素（AZT）广泛用于儿科医学，但其水溶性差和口服生物利用度低（约37%）限制了其治疗效果，并且需要高剂量导致副作用，降低了治疗依从性。本研究提出了一种配方策略，将溶解度增强与半固体挤出（SSE） 3D打印相结合，生产适合儿童的个性化、可咀嚼的azt填充口香糖。采用南瓜籽油、大豆卵磷脂和Labrasol®开发了一种水包油（O/W）乳液，以提高AZT的溶解性。乳液由卡拉胶和膨润土纳米粘土组成，形成可打印的凝胶基质，可在62℃下挤压，在15℃下凝固，无需后处理。流变分析证实了剪切变薄行为，高存储模量和85.9%的触变恢复，支持平滑挤压和形状保持。此外，印刷的软糖在重量和药物含量均匀性方面符合欧洲药典标准，并在真空密封的包装中保持长达90天的机械稳定性。PXRD证实AZT在所研制的制剂中呈无定形分散，抗菌实验显示AZT对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果保持不变。这项工作展示了一种可重复和可扩展的儿科抗生素递送方法，利用SSE 3D打印，从而提供灵活的剂量，改善溶解度，提高患者的可接受性。

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引用次数: 0

Process-intensified production of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils: Application to several lignocellulosic feedstocks tempo氧化纤维素纳米原纤维的工艺强化生产：在几种木质纤维素原料中的应用

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101079

Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador , Aleta Duque , Diego Lopez-Monte , Raquel Cañadas , Quim Tarrés , Marc Delgado-Aguilar , Angeles Blanco , Carlos Negro

Despite the remarkable properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), large-scale production remains limited by the lack of efficient, scalable oxidation and fibrillation technologies. Achieving processes that ensure product quality at industrial performance levels is essential for cost reduction and broadening CNF applications. This study addresses the scale-up of TEMPO-mediated oxidation (TMO) to produce oxidized pulps (OPs) from five lignocellulosic materials, and CNFs after mechanical fibrillation. Five oxidation configurations were tested under comparable conditions: laboratory-scale batch oxidation in a stirred reactor, a batch kneader (K100), and a continuous twin-screw extruder (TSE) in three configurations. Results showed that K100 and the single-pass TSE achieved the highest OP production efficiency, reaching 0.57 kg/h. Although additional TSE passes progressively lowered throughput, they yielded greater reductions in degree of polymerization, facilitating microfibril disintegration. Comparative analysis, including PCA, revealed that the raw material is the dominant factor driving differences among the CNFs, while variations in the TMO configuration caused only minor effects. Nonetheless, the oxidation step remains essential to achieve nanoscale fibrillation, with carboxyls in 0.7–1.0 mmol COOH/g depending on feedstock and configuration. These findings validate the technical feasibility of scaling-up the TMO process, providing viable, sustainable routes for industrial CNF manufacturing, demonstrating significant water consumption reduction.

尽管纤维素纳米原纤维（CNFs）具有显著的性能，但由于缺乏高效、可扩展的氧化和纤维化技术，大规模生产仍然受到限制。实现确保产品质量达到工业性能水平的工艺对于降低成本和扩大CNF应用至关重要。本研究解决了tempo介导氧化（TMO）的规模扩大，从五种木质纤维素材料和机械纤颤后的CNFs中生产氧化纸浆（OPs）。在类似的条件下测试了五种氧化配置：实验室规模的搅拌反应器中的间歇氧化，间歇捏合机（K100）和连续双螺杆挤出机（TSE）的三种配置。结果表明，K100和单道TSE的OP生产效率最高，达到0.57 kg/h。虽然额外的TSE通道逐渐降低了吞吐量，但它们产生了更大的聚合程度降低，促进了微纤维的分解。包括主成分分析在内的比较分析表明，原料是驱动CNFs差异的主要因素，而TMO结构的变化仅引起较小的影响。尽管如此，氧化步骤对于实现纳米级纤颤仍然是必不可少的，根据原料和配置，羧基在0.7-1.0 mmol COOH/g之间。这些发现验证了扩大TMO工艺的技术可行性，为工业CNF制造提供了可行的、可持续的路线，并证明了显著的水消耗减少。

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引用次数: 0

Fabricating a chitosan-based human placenta extract–encapsulated elastic zonal-structured scaffold for osteochondral applications 基于壳聚糖的人胎盘提取物包封弹性带状结构骨软骨支架的制备

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101064

Hossein Shaygani , Mohammad Shahverdi , Mohamadreza Soltani , Mohammad Rezaei , Sona Zare , Amir Shamloo , Kaivan Mohammadi

Articular cartilage is an avascular and multilayer tissue with limited self-regenerating properties. 3D printing offers a promising approach for fabricating intricate structures that closely replicate the architecture and functional properties of native cartilage. In this study, we fabricated a four-layer 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) scaffold with varying porosities, ranging from the lowest porosity at the bottom to the highest at the top, to mimic the mechanical properties of cartilage layers from the deep zone to the transition zone. An injectable hydrogel consisting of chitosan (CS) and human placenta extract (HPE) was injected into the 3D-printed scaffold to provide a growth factor-loaded, extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking environment with suitable cytocompatibility, aiming to enhance the low cellular activity of the TPU scaffold. An electrospun layer was used as the superficial layer of the scaffold to replicate the longitudinal orientation of collagen fibers at the cartilage surface. Mechanical analysis demonstrated zonal strain distribution in the scaffold similar to native cartilage tissue. The antibacterial assay demonstrated the bactericidal effects of CS and HPE, showing an inhibition zone of (2.892 ± 0.103 mm). The MTT assay quantitatively evaluated the cellular functionality of scaffolds, demonstrating sustained cell viability over 7 days. These combined features make this scaffold design an exceptional candidate for cartilage tissue regeneration applications.

关节软骨是一种无血管的多层组织，具有有限的自我再生特性。3D打印为制造复杂的结构提供了一种很有前途的方法，可以紧密复制天然软骨的结构和功能特性。在这项研究中，我们制作了一个四层3d打印热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）支架，其孔隙率从底部的最低孔隙率到顶部的最高孔隙率不等，以模拟软骨层从深层区到过渡区的机械性能。将壳聚糖（CS）和人胎盘提取物（HPE）组成的可注射水凝胶注射到3d打印支架中，提供一个具有合适细胞相容性的生长因子负载的细胞外基质（ECM）模拟环境，旨在增强TPU支架的低细胞活性。电纺丝层被用作支架的表层，以复制软骨表面胶原纤维的纵向方向。力学分析表明，支架的带状应变分布与天然软骨组织相似。抑菌实验表明，CS和HPE均具有抑菌作用，抑菌带为（2.892±0.103 mm）。MTT实验定量评估了支架的细胞功能，显示了7天以上的持续细胞活力。这些综合特点使这种支架设计成为软骨组织再生应用的特殊候选者。

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