Viruses of the Ocean: On the Shores of the Aqua Incognita. Horizons of Taxonomic Diversity

IF 0.5 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Russian Journal of Marine Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI:10.1134/s106307402401005x
Yu. S. Khotimchenko, M. Yu. Shchelkanov
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Abstract

In recent years, marine viruses have evolved into a distinct branch of virology, yet they still represent a sort of “dark matter,” and their role and significance in the evolution and functioning of Earth’s biosphere remain unclear. The widespread implementation of primerless sequencing methods in routine laboratory practice has streamlined the development of marine virology from initial observations of virus-like particles in seawater, once deemed exotic, to comprehensive generalizations that reshape our understanding of global problems in the World Ocean. These include the continuous depletion of biological resources and diversity, marine pollution, and global climate change. Nevertheless, in terms of virology, the World Ocean remains a true aqua incognita, and marine virology, as a subset of general virology, and marine biology are just at the initial stages of their development, standing on the threshold of new discoveries. Those discoveries have the potential to reveal fundamental processes in the origin and evolution of life on Earth, to accelerate the development of novel technologies, and even foster innovative approaches to reshaping the noosphere. The aim of this review is to draw scientific attention to the numerous problematic aspects of viruses in the World Ocean. The review covers the main topics such as the current taxonomy of marine viruses, their role in marine ecosystems, the presence of viruses in marine species and related diseases, and the role of marine viruses in the context of global climate change, focusing on unexplored area and on directions for future research studies.

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海洋病毒在未知水域的海岸上。分类多样性的地平线
摘要 近年来,海洋病毒已发展成为病毒学的一个独特分支,但它们仍是一种 "暗物质",在地球生物圈的进化和运作中的作用和意义仍不清楚。无引物测序方法在常规实验室实践中的广泛应用,简化了海洋病毒学的发展过程,从最初观察到海水中的病毒样颗粒(一度被认为是奇异的),到全面归纳,重塑了我们对世界海洋全球性问题的认识。这些问题包括生物资源和多样性的持续枯竭、海洋污染和全球气候变化。然而,就病毒学而言,世界海洋仍然是一个真正的未知水域,海洋病毒学作为普通病毒学的一个分支,以及海洋生物学刚刚处于发展的初始阶段,站在新发现的门槛上。这些发现有可能揭示地球生命起源和进化的基本过程,加速新技术的发展,甚至促进重塑生物圈的创新方法。本综述旨在提请科学界关注世界海洋病毒的诸多问题。综述涵盖了当前海洋病毒分类学、海洋病毒在海洋生态系统中的作用、海洋物种中病毒的存在及相关疾病、海洋病毒在全球气候变化背景下的作用等主要议题,重点关注尚未探索的领域和未来研究的方向。
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来源期刊
Russian Journal of Marine Biology
Russian Journal of Marine Biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Russian Journal of Marine Biology was founded in 1975 by Alexey V. Zhirmunsky, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Russian Journal of Marine Biology covers a wide range of research and some applied aspects of marine biology as a synthetic science related to various fields of study on marine biota and environment. It presents fundamental research on biological processes at molecular, cellular, organismal, and populational levels in marine organisms. Consideration is given to marine objects as models in life sciences. The journal also publishes papers dedicated to events in Russian and international marine biological science and the history of biology.
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