Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700184
T. A. Mikhaylova, V. V. Khalaman, P. A. Futoran, N. V. Usov, D. A. Aristov, V. S. Vishnyakov, R. E. Romanov
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of the macroalgal flora in Unskaya Inlet (White Sea) that was carried out in 2022–2023. The checklist of macrophytes, summarized from original and literature data, comprises 94 species: Chlorophyta, 26; Rhodophyta, 34; Phaeophyceae, 30; Xanthophyceae, 2; Charophyceae, 1; and Cyanophyta, 1. Of these, 46 species are new to the region, 4 are new to the White Sea, and 2 are new to the flora of Russia. From the offshore part to the head of Unskaya Inlet, the coastal surface runoff leads to significant freshening and increased turbidity of water, thus causing a sharp depletion of the species composition of algae.
{"title":"A Checklist of Macroalgae from Unskaya Inlet, White Sea","authors":"T. A. Mikhaylova, V. V. Khalaman, P. A. Futoran, N. V. Usov, D. A. Aristov, V. S. Vishnyakov, R. E. Romanov","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700184","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of a study of the macroalgal flora in Unskaya Inlet (White Sea) that was carried out in 2022–2023. The checklist of macrophytes, summarized from original and literature data, comprises 94 species: Chlorophyta, 26; Rhodophyta, 34; Phaeophyceae, 30; Xanthophyceae, 2; Charophyceae, 1; and Cyanophyta, 1. Of these, 46 species are new to the region, 4 are new to the White Sea, and 2 are new to the flora of Russia. From the offshore part to the head of Unskaya Inlet, the coastal surface runoff leads to significant freshening and increased turbidity of water, thus causing a sharp depletion of the species composition of algae.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700160
E. V. Zhuravel, M. A. Mazur, O. T. Abdrakhmanova, M. A. Tunina
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a toxicity assessment of marine sediments from Vostok Bay based on responses of three testing organisms: the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin, 1897), nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758), and embryos and larvae of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis (Agassiz, 1864). The A. salina nauplii survival test was the least sensitive, showing a weak response in only two samples. The results of the experiments using microalgae cells and sand dollar larvae correlated both with each other and with long-term environmental monitoring data, thus, confirming the high degree of sediment toxicity off the western coast of the bay (Gaydamak and Srednyaya Coves).
{"title":"Application of a Test Battery for Assessing the Toxicity of Marine Sediments in Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan)","authors":"E. V. Zhuravel, M. A. Mazur, O. T. Abdrakhmanova, M. A. Tunina","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700160","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of a toxicity assessment of marine sediments from Vostok Bay based on responses of three testing organisms: the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> (Bohlin, 1897), nauplii of the brine shrimp <i>Artemia salina</i> (Linnaeus, 1758), and embryos and larvae of the sand dollar <i>Scaphechinus mirabilis</i> (Agassiz, 1864). The <i>A. salina</i> nauplii survival test was the least sensitive, showing a weak response in only two samples. The results of the experiments using microalgae cells and sand dollar larvae correlated both with each other and with long-term environmental monitoring data, thus, confirming the high degree of sediment toxicity off the western coast of the bay (Gaydamak and Srednyaya Coves).</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700135
G. I. Pronina, A. M. Orlov, D. V. Artemenkov, S. P. Bomko, E. V. Gritsai, A. A. Matveev
Abstract
The hematological parameters of the peripheral blood of the walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814, saffron cod Eleginus gracilis Tilesius, 1810, and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810 from the Sea of Okhotsk were studied. An analysis of leukograms of the studied species revealed a large portion of segmented neutrophils and myelocytes in walleye pollock, which indicates a significant potential of the cellular factor of its innate immunity and a greater activity of corticosteroid hormones. The most active erythropoiesis observed in G.chalcogrammus is probably related to substantial vertical migrations, as are specific for the species, associated with sharp pressure variations and the necessity to provide the body with oxygen. The high level of leukopoiesis revealed in the saffron cod is assumed to be caused by ecological adaptations of the species to inhabit both fresh and sea water.
{"title":"Hematological Features of Codfishes (Gadidae) from the Northwest Pacific","authors":"G. I. Pronina, A. M. Orlov, D. V. Artemenkov, S. P. Bomko, E. V. Gritsai, A. A. Matveev","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700135","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The hematological parameters of the peripheral blood of the walleye pollock <i>Gadus chalcogrammus</i> Pallas, 1814, saffron cod <i>Eleginus gracilis</i> Tilesius, 1810, and Pacific cod <i>Gadus macrocephalus</i> Tilesius, 1810 from the Sea of Okhotsk were studied. An analysis of leukograms of the studied species revealed a large portion of segmented neutrophils and myelocytes in walleye pollock, which indicates a significant potential of the cellular factor of its innate immunity and a greater activity of corticosteroid hormones. The most active erythropoiesis observed in <i>G.</i> <i>chalcogrammus</i> is probably related to substantial vertical migrations, as are specific for the species, associated with sharp pressure variations and the necessity to provide the body with oxygen. The high level of leukopoiesis revealed in the saffron cod is assumed to be caused by ecological adaptations of the species to inhabit both fresh and sea water.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700196
Zh. V. Markina, A. V. Podoba, T. Yu. Orlova
Abstract
The effect of copper at concentrations of 10, 20, and 50 μg/L on population growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids) of the diatom Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii was studied. It was shown that at metal concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/L, the cell number started to increase from the first days of the experiment and, by the end of the experiment, exceeded that in the control group by 5.8- and 5.6 times, respectively. The intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the content of photosynthetic pigments under these conditions were higher than in the control throughout the experiment. At a metal concentration of 50 μg/L, the growth of the cell population was inhibited at the beginning of the experiment; by the end of the experiment, the cell number exceeded that in control. The same pattern was recorded for the other parameters too. Based on the obtained data, it is hypothesized that copper at the studied concentrations may contribute to the proliferation of T. nordenskioeldii in the natural environment.
摘要 研究了 10、20 和 50 μg/L 浓度的铜对硅藻 Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii 的种群生长、叶绿素 a 荧光和光合色素（叶绿素 a 和类胡萝卜素）含量的影响。结果表明，当金属浓度为 10 和 20 μg/L 时，细胞数从实验的第一天起就开始增加，到实验结束时，细胞数分别超过对照组的 5.8 倍和 5.6 倍。在整个实验过程中，叶绿素 a 荧光强度和光合色素含量均高于对照组。当金属浓度为 50 μg/L 时，细胞群的生长在实验开始时受到抑制；到实验结束时，细胞数量超过了对照组。其他参数也记录了相同的模式。根据所获得的数据，我们推测所研究浓度的铜可能有助于 T. nordenskioeldii 在自然环境中的增殖。
{"title":"Cell Number Dynamics, Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Intensity, and Photosynthetic Pigment Content in Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii Cleve 1873 (Bacillariophyta) Exposed to Environmental Copper Pollution","authors":"Zh. V. Markina, A. V. Podoba, T. Yu. Orlova","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700196","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of copper at concentrations of 10, 20, and 50 μg/L on population growth, chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence, and content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll <i>a</i> and carotenoids) of the diatom <i>Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii</i> was studied. It was shown that at metal concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/L, the cell number started to increase from the first days of the experiment and, by the end of the experiment, exceeded that in the control group by 5.8- and 5.6 times, respectively. The intensity of chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence and the content of photosynthetic pigments under these conditions were higher than in the control throughout the experiment. At a metal concentration of 50 μg/L, the growth of the cell population was inhibited at the beginning of the experiment; by the end of the experiment, the cell number exceeded that in control. The same pattern was recorded for the other parameters too. Based on the obtained data, it is hypothesized that copper at the studied concentrations may contribute to the proliferation of <i>T. nordenskioeldii</i> in the natural environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700172
O. Yu. Vialova
Abstract
Studies of the energy metabolism in a bivalve mollusk, the ark clam Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906), were carried out for the first time under experimental conditions simulating dynamic variations in the seawater characteristics at the stages of development and end of upwelling event in the Black Sea. It was shown that the level of energy metabolism of A. kagoshimensis, while being in the zone of upwelling formation, decreased, on average, by 5% per degree of temperature decrease. During the upwelling relaxation phase (14 → 26°C), the restoration of the respiration intensity parameters of the clam was slower than expected, with a temperature coefficient of Q10 = 1.31. The acidification of the seawater by 1.0 (up to рН 7.2), combined with a temperature decrease (26 → 20°C), aggravated the negative effect by 25–45%. It has been found that the clam A. kagoshimensis reduces energy expenditure by approximately 60% under upwelling conditions (cold stress and acidification). The consequences of the negative effect of a sharp temperature variation lead to a delay in the metabolism recovery to normal values.
{"title":"Metabolism Variations in the Bivalve Mollusk Anadara kagoshimensis Tokunaga, 1906 (Bivalvia: Arcidae) under Upwelling Conditions in the Black Sea (Experimental Data)","authors":"O. Yu. Vialova","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700172","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Studies of the energy metabolism in a bivalve mollusk, the ark clam <i>Anadara kagoshimensis</i> (Tokunaga, 1906), were carried out for the first time under experimental conditions simulating dynamic variations in the seawater characteristics at the stages of development and end of upwelling event in the Black Sea. It was shown that the level of energy metabolism of <i>A. kagoshimensis</i>, while being in the zone of upwelling formation, decreased, on average, by 5% per degree of temperature decrease. During the upwelling relaxation phase (14 → 26°C), the restoration of the respiration intensity parameters of the clam was slower than expected, with a temperature coefficient of <i>Q</i><sub>10</sub> = 1.31. The acidification of the seawater by 1.0 (up to рН 7.2), combined with a temperature decrease (26 → 20°C), aggravated the negative effect by 25–45%. It has been found that the clam <i>A. kagoshimensis</i> reduces energy expenditure by approximately 60% under upwelling conditions (cold stress and acidification). The consequences of the negative effect of a sharp temperature variation lead to a delay in the metabolism recovery to normal values.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700159
A. D. Basaraba, P. V. Esipova, E. A. Scherbakova, I. O. Katin
Abstract
A nutritious diet is one of the most important factors in the successful management of captive animals. Basic methods for selecting diets for marine mammals have been described in the literature, yet methods developed for certain marine mammal species kept under specific conditions are quite rare. The diets of three male and two female spotted seals, Phoca largha Pallas, 1811, kept in sea pens at the Primorsky Aquarium, Branch of the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok, Russia), are discussed in the article. The diets were formulated based on the natural biological processes of this species in the wild. Information on them has been obtained from our own observations and from literature sources. Based on individual needs, adjustments have been made to the diets of the spotted seals, including pregnant and lactating females. The main food items of the spotted seals were Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, Atka mackerel, Pleurogrammus monopterygius, commander squid, Berryteuthis magister, pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, char, Salvelinus sp., capelin, Mallotus villosus, and shrimp, Pandalus sp. It has been found that the physiological status of the animals (molting, reproductive status, sex, and age) directly influences the qualitative and quantitative parameters of food intake. The diet and body weight of the spotted seals were significantly influenced by seasonal changes (water and air temperature and natural biological rhythms). These data can be used for selection of optimal feeding of P. largha.
{"title":"Diet and Body Weight Dynamics in the Spotted Seal, Phoca largha Pallas, 1811, Kept in Sea Pens","authors":"A. D. Basaraba, P. V. Esipova, E. A. Scherbakova, I. O. Katin","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700159","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A nutritious diet is one of the most important factors in the successful management of captive animals. Basic methods for selecting diets for marine mammals have been described in the literature, yet methods developed for certain marine mammal species kept under specific conditions are quite rare. The diets of three male and two female spotted seals, <i>Phoca largha</i> Pallas, 1811, kept in sea pens at the Primorsky Aquarium, Branch of the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok, Russia), are discussed in the article. The diets were formulated based on the natural biological processes of this species in the wild. Information on them has been obtained from our own observations and from literature sources. Based on individual needs, adjustments have been made to the diets of the spotted seals, including pregnant and lactating females. The main food items of the spotted seals were Pacific herring, <i>Clupea pallasii</i>, Atka mackerel, <i>Pleurogrammus monopterygius</i>, commander squid, <i>Berryteuthis magister</i>, pink salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i>, chum salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>, char, <i>Salvelinus</i> sp., capelin, <i>Mallotus villosus</i>, and shrimp, <i>Pandalus</i> sp. It has been found that the physiological status of the animals (molting, reproductive status, sex, and age) directly influences the qualitative and quantitative parameters of food intake. The diet and body weight of the spotted seals were significantly influenced by seasonal changes (water and air temperature and natural biological rhythms). These data can be used for selection of optimal feeding of <i>P. largha</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700147
E. A. Poezzhalova-Chegodaeva
Abstract
A comparative morphological analysis has been conducted for antlered sculpins of the genus Enophrys from three remote regions: the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. Variations in their body color pattern and also meristic and measurable characters have been analyzed. As the analysis has shown, antlered sculpins from the Sea of Japan differ significantly from the two other samples in their body color, some head proportions, and the size and location of the fins D1, D2, A, V, and P. Differences on the subspecies level (CD > 1.28) have been found for five of the studied characters and a hiatus (differences on the species level) for one character (depth of D1). The data we obtained confirm the previously published assumption that the fish from the Sea of Japan possibly belong to the species E. namiyei.
摘要 对来自日本海、鄂霍次克海和白令海这三个偏远地区的有鳞鳞栉水母属进行了形态学比较分析。分析了它们体色模式的变异，以及分部特征和可测量特征。分析结果表明，日本海的鳞栉鱼在体色、某些头部比例以及鳍D1、D2、A、V和P的大小和位置方面与其他两个样本存在显著差异。在所研究的特征中，有五个特征存在亚种水平上的差异（CD >1.28），有一个特征（D1的深度）存在间断（种水平上的差异）。我们获得的数据证实了之前发表的假设，即日本海的鱼可能属于 E. namiyei 种。
{"title":"Morphological Variation in Antlered Sculpins of the Genus Enophrys Swainson, 1839 (Cottidae)","authors":"E. A. Poezzhalova-Chegodaeva","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700147","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A comparative morphological analysis has been conducted for antlered sculpins of the genus <i>Enophrys</i> from three remote regions: the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. Variations in their body color pattern and also meristic and measurable characters have been analyzed. As the analysis has shown, antlered sculpins from the Sea of Japan differ significantly from the two other samples in their body color, some head proportions, and the size and location of the fins <i>D1</i>, <i>D2</i>, <i>A</i>, <i>V</i>, and <i>P</i>. Differences on the subspecies level (<i>CD</i> > 1.28) have been found for five of the studied characters and a hiatus (differences on the species level) for one character (depth of <i>D</i>1). The data we obtained confirm the previously published assumption that the fish from the Sea of Japan possibly belong to the species <i>E. namiyei.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700123
M. K. Glubokovsky, L. A. Zhivotovsky
Abstract
The division of the Pacific salmon species Oncorhynchus gorbuscha sensu lato (Walbaum) into two closely related cryptic species inhabiting the same areas of the North Pacific is proposed based on long-term complex studies of intraspecific morphological and genetic differentiation for this species. The new species Oncorhynchus gorbuschka sp. nova Glubokovsky et Zhivotovsky (rosy salmon) is described in detail. The most striking ecological difference between this species and pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha sensu stricto (Walbaum) is that rosy salmon spawn only in odd years, whereas pink salmon spawn in even years. Thus, these two species form two reproductively isolated broodlines throughout their range. Differences between them can also be found in demographic patterns, morphological traits, protein and DNA markers, and full-genome profiles. Presumably, both of these species are relatively young, having evolutionarily diverged from each other during sympatric allochronic evolution resulting in a single age class in both populations. As a result, all sexually mature individuals of each broodline spawn at exactly 2 years of age and die soon after spawning (although rare exceptions are possible). The separation of these two species of Pacific salmon requires their separate consideration in fundamental and applied studies, fisheries and regulation of fisheries, protection, and artificial reproduction.
摘 要 根据对太平洋鲑鱼种Oncorhynchus gorbuscha sensu lato (Walbaum)种内形态和遗传分化的长期复杂研究，提出将该物种分为两个密切相关的隐性物种，栖息在北太平洋的同一地区。详细描述了新物种 Oncorhynchus gorbuschka sp.该物种与严格意义上的粉红鲑（Oncorhynchus gorbuscha sensu stricto，Walbaum）在生态学上最显著的区别是，玫瑰鲑只在奇数年产卵，而粉红鲑在偶数年产卵。因此，这两个物种在其整个分布区形成了两个生殖隔离的产卵系。它们之间的差异还体现在人口模式、形态特征、蛋白质和 DNA 标记以及全基因组图谱上。据推测，这两个物种都相对年轻，在同域异时空进化过程中相互分化，导致两个种群都只有一个年龄等级。因此，每个种群的所有性成熟个体都正好在 2 岁时产卵，并在产卵后很快死亡（但也有极少数例外情况）。将太平洋鲑鱼的这两个物种分开，需要在基础研究和应用研究、渔业和渔业管理、保护和人工繁殖等方面分别加以考虑。
{"title":"A New Species of Pacific Salmon—Rosy Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuschka sp. nova: Description and Genesis of the Taxon","authors":"M. K. Glubokovsky, L. A. Zhivotovsky","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700123","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The division of the Pacific salmon species <i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i> sensu lato (Walbaum) into two closely related cryptic species inhabiting the same areas of the North Pacific is proposed based on long-term complex studies of intraspecific morphological and genetic differentiation for this species. The new species <i>Oncorhynchus gorbuschka</i> sp. nova Glubokovsky et Zhivotovsky (rosy salmon) is described in detail. The most striking ecological difference between this species and pink salmon <i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i> sensu stricto (Walbaum) is that rosy salmon spawn only in odd years, whereas pink salmon spawn in even years. Thus, these two species form two reproductively isolated broodlines throughout their range. Differences between them can also be found in demographic patterns, morphological traits, protein and DNA markers, and full-genome profiles. Presumably, both of these species are relatively young, having evolutionarily diverged from each other during sympatric allochronic evolution resulting in a single age class in both populations. As a result, all sexually mature individuals of each broodline spawn at exactly 2 years of age and die soon after spawning (although rare exceptions are possible). The separation of these two species of Pacific salmon requires their separate consideration in fundamental and applied studies, fisheries and regulation of fisheries, protection, and artificial reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700111
T. H. V. Nguyen, M. P. Grushko, N. N. Fedorova, V. A. Chaplygin
Abstract
Histopathological changes are widely used as biomarkers of the health status of fish exposed to chemical compounds. Individuals of the common kilka Clupeonella caspia Svetovidov, 1941 caught from the Middle Caspian Sea exhibited significant changes in the cellular structure of the liver. The more common were signs of hyperemia: an edema of the liver parenchyma, vascular congestion, lympho-macrophage infiltration, small hemorrhages, and a narrowing of the bile duct lumen.
{"title":"Structural Changes in Liver Histology in Common Kilka Clupeonella caspia Svetovidov, 1941 under Anthropogenic Pressure","authors":"T. H. V. Nguyen, M. P. Grushko, N. N. Fedorova, V. A. Chaplygin","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700111","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Histopathological changes are widely used as biomarkers of the health status of fish exposed to chemical compounds. Individuals of the common kilka <i>Clupeonella caspia</i> Svetovidov, 1941 caught from the Middle Caspian Sea exhibited significant changes in the cellular structure of the liver. The more common were signs of hyperemia: an edema of the liver parenchyma, vascular congestion, lympho-macrophage infiltration, small hemorrhages, and a narrowing of the bile duct lumen.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1134/s1063074024700081
L. O. Aganesova, A. N. Khanaychenko
Abstract
The effect of the concentration of microalgae, the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana and the dinophyte Prorocentrum cordatum, on the daily grazing rate (G) and daily egg production rate (EPR) of the brackish-water copepods Arctodiaptomus salinus and Calanipeda aquaedulcis was studied under experimental conditions. The daily grazing rates of the copepods increased logarithmically with increasing microalgae concentration. The maximum grazing rates in both species are observed when feeding on I. galbana at a concentration of 170–196 μg C/mL. The maximum daily EPR in females of C. aquaedulcis (129% of the body weight in the carbon equivalent) were obtained when they fed on I. galbana at a concentration of 15.4 μg C/mL or on P. cordatum at 4 µg C/mL. The maximum EPR values in A. salinus females were 34% of their weight in the carbon equivalent when feeding on P. cordatum at a concentration of 26 μg C/mL, and 45% in their carbon equivalent at 8.9 μg C/mL of I. galbana. The further increase in the microalgae concentration leads to a decrease in the EPR values. The efficiency of ingested food utilization for egg production in the carbon equivalent (gross growth efficiency, GGE, %) of C. aquaedulcis was significantly higher than that of A. salinus, regardless of the species and concentration of microalgae.
{"title":"Effect of Microalgae Species and Concentration on Grazing Rate and Egg Production of Copepods Calanipeda aquaedulcis Kritschagin, 1873 and Arctodiaptomus salinus (Daday, 1885)","authors":"L. O. Aganesova, A. N. Khanaychenko","doi":"10.1134/s1063074024700081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074024700081","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of the concentration of microalgae, the haptophyte <i>Isochrysis galbana</i> and the dinophyte <i>Prorocentrum cordatum</i>, on the daily grazing rate (<i>G</i>) and daily egg production rate (<i>EPR</i>) of the brackish-water copepods <i>Arctodiaptomus salinus</i> and <i>Calanipeda aquaedulcis</i> was studied under experimental conditions. The daily grazing rates of the copepods increased logarithmically with increasing microalgae concentration. The maximum grazing rates in both species are observed when feeding on <i>I. galbana</i> at a concentration of 170–196 μg C/mL. The maximum daily <i>EPR</i> in females of <i>C. aquaedulcis</i> (129% of the body weight in the carbon equivalent) were obtained when they fed on <i>I. galbana</i> at a concentration of 15.4 μg C/mL or on <i>P. cordatum</i> at 4 µg C/mL. The maximum <i>EPR</i> values in <i>A. salinus</i> females were 34% of their weight in the carbon equivalent when feeding on <i>P. cordatum</i> at a concentration of 26 μg C/mL, and 45% in their carbon equivalent at 8.9 μg C/mL of <i>I. galbana</i>. The further increase in the microalgae concentration leads to a decrease in the <i>EPR</i> values. The efficiency of ingested food utilization for egg production in the carbon equivalent (gross growth efficiency, <i>GGE</i>, %) of <i>C. aquaedulcis</i> was significantly higher than that of <i>A. salinus</i>, regardless of the species and concentration of microalgae.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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