Petrogenesis and mineralization potential of Bhilangana granitoid, Bhilangana Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Earth System Science Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1007/s12040-023-02250-7

Dinesh S Chauhan, Bhrigu Shankar, Ritu Chauhan, Gajendra Kumar Kesari

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Abstract

Bhilangana granitoid is a batholithic size body exposed in Bhilangana Valley and later thrusted over rocks of Lesser Himalaya. It comprises mylonitized porphyritic granite gneiss, psammitic gneiss, and its variants, containing primary biotite and muscovite, and S-type in nature. Bhilangana granitoid is intruded by basic intrusive. The variation in chemical signatures and associated petrogenetic issues of Bhilangana granitoid are dealt with detailed petrographic, geochemical and mineral chemical study. In the vicinity of basic intrusive, the porphyritic granite gneiss shows enrichment of MgO, whereas its evolved part, psammitic gneiss shows more boron enrichment with the presence of tourmaline nodules surrounded by quartzo-feldspathic rim. The major mineral assemblage in Bhilangana granitoid is quartz–K-feldspar–plagioclase–biotite–muscovite with tourmaline, epidote, zircon, ilmenite, apatite and monazite. The granite is peraluminous with ASI values always >1. Biotite shows variation from Fe-rich siderophyllitic to Mg-rich eastonitic composition, indicating involvement of both Al-rich crustal and Mg-rich mafic sources, inferring source heterogeneity or mixing of felsic-mafic magma. Granitoid melt was buffered below QFM to NNO and partly above HM, indicating a strong reducing to the oxidizing condition of melt. The melt was saturated with the presence of 3.3–6.8 wt.% H₂O content. The crystallization temperature of Bhilangana granitoid (T_Zr) ranges between 697° and 807°C with a solidification pressure of about 2.92–4.31 kbar, implying crystallization at a depth of 8.76–13 km. The presence of greisens assemblage of quartz–mica–tourmaline–epidote, along with the presence of fluorite, is a representative greisens assemblage for Sn–W mineralization. Thus, the Bhilangana granitoid represents the fertile nature and potentiality of Sn–W minerals.

Research highlights

Bhilangana granitoid is S-type, peraluminous granitoid, formed by anatexis of crustal material
The biotite chemistry reveals the variation in the redox condition and modification in the oxidation state, preserved in the different variant of granite representing the magma mixing or source heterogeneity in protolith.
The Bhilangana granitoid has attended the crystallization temperature (T_Zr) of 697–807 °C under pressure of about 2.92–4.31 kb implying the depth of crystallization of 8.76–13 km.
The presence of greisenization favours the potential of Sn–W minerals. The geochemical results shows abnormal enrichment of W and Sn in the Bhilangana granitoid.
The Bhilangana granitoid appears to have fertile nature for Sn–W mineral potential.

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印度加尔瓦尔喜马拉雅山比兰加纳谷比兰加纳花岗岩的成岩学与成矿潜力

摘要比兰干纳花岗岩是出露于比兰干纳山谷的浴成岩体，后来被推覆在小喜马拉雅山的岩石上。它由蜕变的斑状花岗片麻岩、片麻岩及其变体组成，含有原生的黑云母和白云母，性质为 S 型。Bhilangana花岗岩由基性侵入体侵入。对比兰干那花岗岩的化学特征变化和相关岩石成因问题进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学和矿物化学研究。在基性侵入体附近，斑状花岗片麻岩显示出氧化镁的富集，而其演化部分--片麻岩则显示出更多的硼富集，并存在电气石结核，周围环绕着石英-长石岩缘。比兰加纳花岗岩的主要矿物组合是石英-K 长石-斜长石-黑云母-迷石棉，以及电气石、绿泥石、锆石、钛铁矿、磷灰石和独居石。该花岗岩为过铝酸盐岩，ASI值始终为1。生物岩显示出从富含铁的褐铁矿到富含镁的东闪长岩成分的变化，表明富含铝的地壳源和富含镁的黑云母源都参与其中，从而推断出来源的异质性或长英-黑云母岩浆的混合。花岗岩熔体在 QFM 以下至 NNO 之间呈缓冲状态，部分高于 HM，表明熔体从强还原到强氧化状态。熔体中的 H2O 含量为 3.3-6.8 wt.%，呈饱和状态。Bhilangana花岗岩（TZr）的结晶温度介于697°至807°C之间，凝固压力约为2.92-4.31千巴，意味着结晶深度为8.76-13千米。石英-云母-电气石-橄榄石的绿帘石集合体以及萤石的存在是锡-钨矿化的代表性绿帘石集合体。研究重点比兰干纳花岗岩是 S 型过铝花岗岩，由地壳物质厌氧形成。生物岩的化学成分揭示了氧化还原条件的变化和氧化状态的改变，这些变化保存在不同的花岗岩变体中，代表了原岩中岩浆混合或来源的异质性。比兰加纳花岗岩的结晶温度（TZr）为 697-807 °C，压力约为 2.92-4.31 kb，这意味着结晶深度为 8.76-13 km。地球化学结果显示，Bhilangana 花岗岩中 W 和 Sn 异常富集。

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来源期刊

Journal of Earth System Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

5.30%

发文量

226

期刊介绍： The Journal of Earth System Science, an International Journal, was earlier a part of the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences – Section A begun in 1934, and later split in 1978 into theme journals. This journal was published as Proceedings – Earth and Planetary Sciences since 1978, and in 2005 was renamed ‘Journal of Earth System Science’. The journal is highly inter-disciplinary and publishes scholarly research – new data, ideas, and conceptual advances – in Earth System Science. The focus is on the evolution of the Earth as a system: manuscripts describing changes of anthropogenic origin in a limited region are not considered unless they go beyond describing the changes to include an analysis of earth-system processes. The journal''s scope includes the solid earth (geosphere), the atmosphere, the hydrosphere (including cryosphere), and the biosphere; it also addresses related aspects of planetary and space sciences. Contributions pertaining to the Indian sub- continent and the surrounding Indian-Ocean region are particularly welcome. Given that a large number of manuscripts report either observations or model results for a limited domain, manuscripts intended for publication in JESS are expected to fulfill at least one of the following three criteria. The data should be of relevance and should be of statistically significant size and from a region from where such data are sparse. If the data are from a well-sampled region, the data size should be considerable and advance our knowledge of the region. A model study is carried out to explain observations reported either in the same manuscript or in the literature. The analysis, whether of data or with models, is novel and the inferences advance the current knowledge.