Comparative Characteristics of the Physiological State of Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) from Various Habitat Conditions: Lake (Natural Habitat), Ponds, and Fish Farm Cages

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Contemporary Problems of Ecology Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI:10.1134/s1995425524020057

A. A. Lyutikov, A. E. Korolev, A. K. Shumilina, Yu. N. Lukina, M. M. Vylka, A. S. Prishchepa

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Abstract

Studies of the physiological state of 3-year-old pikeperch from a lake (natural habitat), ponds, and fish farm cages show significant differences in the size, mass, biochemical, hematological, and histophysiological parameters of fish. Farmed fish are larger (length 26.2 cm; weight 242.1 g) than lake individuals (27.6 cm and 278.2 g, vs. 23.7 cm and 162.6 g in pond pikeperch) and have higher index values of liver (3.68 vs. 1.42 and 1.03% in lake and pond fish, respectively), gonads (0.73 vs. 0.15 and 0.08%), and abdominal fat (8.61 vs. 1.87 and 2.30%). The chemical composition of the body of farmed fish is characterized by a large quantity of lipids (9.4 vs. 2.5 and 3.6%, respectively) and nitrogen-free extracts (NFEs) (3.4 vs. 2.5 and 2.4%), muscle—protein (21.0 vs. 19.0 and 19.2%), and liver—lipids (26.6 vs. 11.1 and 7.5%, respectively) and NFEs (9.6 vs. 1.9 and 2.5%), as well as low moisture (51.7 vs. 69.3 and 71.5%), protein (11.2 vs. 16.6 and 17.2%), ash (0.9 vs. 1.1 and 1.3%), and vitamin C (67.5 vs. 87.9 and 97.6%) contents. The fatty acid (FA) composition of the muscle lipids of farmed fish is generally comparable to that of lake and pond fish—the main groups of FAs are at a similar level: polyunsaturated FAs in the range of 37.0–40.6% of the total FAs, saturated FAs 25.5–29.6%, and monounsaturated FAs 28.0 and 23.2% in farmed and lake fish and 17.5% in pond fish. The content of arachidonic acid 20:4n-6 in farmed fish is extremely low (1.0 vs. 8.0 and 11.5% of the total FAs). Liver lipids of farmed fish contain a large amount of oleic acid 18:1n-9 (30.3 vs. 16.2 and 15.0% of the total FAs in lake and pond fish) and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (17.5 vs. 8.4 and 7.1%), in particular, linoleic acid 18:2n-6 (7.0 vs. 1.9 and 0.2%). The blood of farmed fish, compared to pond fish, differs in a lower content of hemoglobin (64.8 vs. 74.8 g/L) and an increased content of immature lymphocytes (11.6 vs. 6.1%) and immature erythrocytes (2.2 vs. 1.1%). The gonads of farmed fish are at stage III of maturity with an average oocyte diameter of 478.9 µm; lake fish has two stages of oocyte maturity—the previtellogenic oocytes of protoplasmic growth, 62.7 µm in size, and significantly larger vitellogenic oocytes of trophoplasmic growth, 227.6 µm. In pond pikeperch, gonads correspond to stage II of maturity and oocytes are 58.3 µm in size. Certain differences in pikeperch from lakes, ponds, and farm conditions are associated with the different conditions in which they are kept and fed.

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不同生境条件下梭子鱼（Sander Lucioperca）生理状态的比较特征：湖泊（自然栖息地）、池塘和养鱼笼

摘要对来自湖泊（自然栖息地）、池塘和网箱养鱼场的 3 龄梭子鱼生理状态的研究表明，鱼的大小、质量、生化、血液学和组织生理学参数存在显著差异。养殖鱼的体型（体长 26.2 厘米；体重 242.1 克）比湖泊鱼大（湖泊鱼的体长和体重分别为 27.6 厘米和 278.2 克，池塘鱼的体长和体重分别为 23.7 厘米和 162.6 克），肝脏指数值（湖泊鱼和池塘鱼的肝脏指数值分别为 3.68 和 1.42 和 1.03%）、性腺指数值（湖泊鱼和池塘鱼的性腺指数值分别为 0.73 和 0.15 和 0.08%）和腹部脂肪指数值（湖泊鱼和池塘鱼的腹部脂肪指数值分别为 8.61 和 1.87 和 2.30%）也更高。养殖鱼类体内化学成分的特点是含有大量脂质（分别为 9.4% 和 2.5% 和 3.6%）和无氮提取物（3.4% 和 2.5% 和 2.4%）、肌肉蛋白质（21.0% 和 19.0% 和 19.2%）、肝脏脂质和脂肪。2%）、肝脂（分别为 26.6 vs. 11.1 和 7.5%）和无氮提取物（9.6 vs. 1.9 和 2.5%），以及水分（51.7 vs. 69.3 和 71.5%）、蛋白质（11.2 vs. 16.6 和 17.2%）、灰分（0.9 vs. 1.1 和 1.3%）和维生素 C（67.5 vs. 87.9 和 97.6%）含量较低。养殖鱼类肌肉脂质的脂肪酸（FA）组成与湖泊鱼类和池塘鱼类大致相同--主要脂肪酸组的水平相似：多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的 37.0-40.6%，饱和脂肪酸占 25.5-29.6%，单不饱和脂肪酸在养殖鱼类和湖泊鱼类中分别占 28.0%和 23.2%，在池塘鱼类中占 17.5%。养殖鱼类的花生四烯酸 20:4n-6 含量极低（占总脂肪酸的 1.0 与 8.0 和 11.5%）。养殖鱼类肝脏脂质中含有大量油酸 18:1n-9（占湖泊和池塘鱼类总脂肪酸的 30.3%对 16.2%和 15.0%）和 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（17.5%对 8.4%和 7.1%），尤其是亚油酸 18:2n-6（7.0%对 1.9%和 0.2%）。与池塘鱼相比，养殖鱼的血液中血红蛋白含量较低（64.8 对 74.8 克/升），未成熟淋巴细胞（11.6 对 6.1%）和未成熟红细胞（2.2 对 1.1%）含量增加。养殖鱼类的性腺处于成熟的第三阶段，平均卵母细胞直径为 478.9 微米；湖泊鱼类的卵母细胞成熟分为两个阶段--原生质生长的前卵黄性卵母细胞，大小为 62.7 微米，而滋养质生长的卵黄性卵母细胞要大得多，大小为 227.6 微米。池塘梭子鱼的性腺处于成熟的第二阶段，卵母细胞大小为 58.3 µm。湖泊、池塘和养殖条件下的梭子鱼的某些差异与饲养和喂食条件不同有关。

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来源期刊

Contemporary Problems of Ecology 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

1.40

自引率

12.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Contemporary Problems of Ecology is a multidisciplinary periodical that publishes original works on the following subjects: theoretical and methodical issues of ecology, regional aspects of ecology, regional ecological disasters, structure and functioning of ecosystems, anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems. All basic aspects of modern ecology, including the most complicated interactions between living organisms and their environment, are presented. Some of the journal issues are dedicated to global changes in biological diversity at various levels of organization (populations, species, ecosystems) principles and methods of nature conservation.