Effect of Zr4+ concentration on optical properties and defect structure of Zr:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals

IF 1.5 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS The European Physical Journal D Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI:10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00819-5

Li Dai, Shuo Shi, Zhipeng Huang, Xianbiao Li

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Abstract

Zr:Ho:LiNbO₃ crystals with different concentrations of Zr⁴⁺ were prepared by Czochralski method. The internal structure changes and the occupancy of doped ions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effective segregation coefficient was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the optical homogeneity was analyzed by birefringence gradient method. The experimental results show that doping does not change the inherent structure of the crystal, the threshold concentration of Zr⁴⁺ is 1 mol%, and the occupation of Zr⁴⁺ changes before and after the threshold concentration. The effective separation coefficient of Zr⁴⁺ and Ho³⁺ decreases with the increase of ZrO₂ concentration. The optical homogeneity of the crystal will increase with the increase of ZrO₂ concentration, and the optical homogeneity of the crystal is strongest when the concentration of ZrO₂ reaches the maximum (4 mol%).

Graphical abstract

In this study, a series of Zr:Ho:LiNbO₃ crystals of different Zr ions doped concentrations were grown using the Czochralski method. The defect structure of different Zr ions concentrations crystals is analyzed using X-ray diffraction mode. The effects of Zr ions concentrations changes on the concentration of doping elements and the segregation coefficient were investigated using ICP. The optical uniformity of Zr:Ho:LiNbO₃ crystals with different concentrations of Zr⁴⁺ has been analyzed by birefringence gradient method.

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Zr4+ 浓度对 Zr:Ho:LiNbO3 晶体光学特性和缺陷结构的影响

采用 Czochralski 法制备了不同 Zr4+ 浓度的 Zr:Ho:LiNbO3 晶体。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析了晶体内部结构的变化和掺杂离子的占有率。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）分析了有效偏析系数，双折射梯度法分析了光学均匀性。实验结果表明，掺杂并不改变晶体的固有结构，Zr4+的阈值浓度为1 mol%，在阈值浓度前后，Zr4+的占有率会发生变化。Zr4+ 和 Ho3+ 的有效分离系数随 ZrO2 浓度的增加而降低。晶体的光学均匀性会随着 ZrO2 浓度的增加而增加，当 ZrO2 浓度达到最大值（4 mol%）时，晶体的光学均匀性最强。图文摘要本研究采用 Czochralski 法生长了一系列不同 Zr 离子掺杂浓度的 Zr:Ho:LiNbO3 晶体。利用 X 射线衍射模式分析了不同 Zr 离子浓度晶体的缺陷结构。使用 ICP 研究了掺杂浓度变化对掺杂元素浓度和偏析系数的影响。利用双折射梯度法分析了不同浓度 Zr4+ 的 Zr:Ho:LiNbO3 晶体的光学均匀性。

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来源期刊

The European Physical Journal D 物理-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

213

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The European Physical Journal D (EPJ D) presents new and original research results in: Atomic Physics; Molecular Physics and Chemical Physics; Atomic and Molecular Collisions; Clusters and Nanostructures; Plasma Physics; Laser Cooling and Quantum Gas; Nonlinear Dynamics; Optical Physics; Quantum Optics and Quantum Information; Ultraintense and Ultrashort Laser Fields. The range of topics covered in these areas is extensive, from Molecular Interaction and Reactivity to Spectroscopy and Thermodynamics of Clusters, from Atomic Optics to Bose-Einstein Condensation to Femtochemistry.