Evolution of innate immunity: lessons from mammalian models shaping our current view of insect immunity

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Abstract

The innate immune system, a cornerstone for organismal resilience against environmental and microbial insults, is highly conserved across the evolutionary spectrum, underpinning its pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring survival. This review explores the evolutionary parallels between mammalian and insect innate immune systems, illuminating how investigations into these disparate immune landscapes have been reciprocally enlightening. We further delve into how advancements in mammalian immunology have enriched our understanding of insect immune responses, highlighting the intertwined evolutionary narratives and the shared molecular lexicon of immunity across these organisms. Therefore, this review posits a holistic understanding of innate immune mechanisms, including immunometabolism, autophagy and cell death. The examination of how emerging insights into mammalian and vertebrate immunity inform our understanding of insect immune responses and their implications for vector-borne disease transmission showcases the imperative for a nuanced comprehension of innate immunity’s evolutionary tale. This understanding is quintessential for harnessing innate immune mechanisms' potential in devising innovative disease mitigation strategies and promoting organismal health across the animal kingdom.

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先天性免疫的进化:从哺乳动物模型中汲取的经验教训塑造了我们目前对昆虫免疫的看法
摘要 先天免疫系统是生物体抵御环境和微生物侵袭的基石,在整个进化过程中高度保守,在维持体内平衡和确保生存方面发挥着关键作用。这篇综述探讨了哺乳动物和昆虫先天性免疫系统在进化过程中的相似之处,揭示了对这些不同免疫环境的研究是如何相互启发的。我们进一步深入探讨哺乳动物免疫学的进步如何丰富了我们对昆虫免疫反应的理解,强调了这些生物相互交织的进化叙事和共同的免疫分子词汇。因此,本综述提出了对先天性免疫机制的整体理解,包括免疫代谢、自噬和细胞死亡。通过研究对哺乳动物和脊椎动物免疫的新认识如何帮助我们理解昆虫的免疫反应及其对病媒传播疾病的影响,表明我们必须细致入微地理解先天性免疫的进化故事。这种理解对于利用先天性免疫机制的潜力,制定创新的疾病缓解策略和促进整个动物王国的生物体健康至关重要。
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