Two-worker Households, Decentralized Employment, and Residential Segregation

Kuzey Yilmaz
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Abstract

The last century was marked by a remarkable improvement in the economic position of women, as reflected in higher labor force participation and wages. This paper extends the Hybrid Tiebout models of residential choice to allow for two-worker households. Our model incorporates both residential choice and labor market choices of households simultaneously and, thus, gives us a unique opportunity to study the impact of changes in the labor market conditions for workers on residential segregation. We develop a general equilibrium model of residential choice with decentralized workplaces in which households face a trade-off among accessibility, space and a public good (education). Education is financed through property taxes, which are determined by majority voting. The quality of education is determined by the spending and the peer group effects. The model is interesting in the sense that (i) households consider the work locations of both male and female working members of the household while making residential choice decisions; (ii) the presence of decentralized workplaces offers an alternative job location to workers; and (iii) the endogenous labor supply decisions for workers. We find that the increase in educational attainment for women and the changes in wages for men and women have had a substantial impact on the spatial distribution of households across metropolitan areas and hence, segregation by income.

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双职工家庭、分散就业与居住隔离
上个世纪,妇女的经济地位显著提高,这体现在更高的劳动力参与率和工资水平上。本文对居住选择的混合蒂布特模型进行了扩展,允许双职工家庭的存在。我们的模型同时包含了家庭的居住选择和劳动力市场选择,因此为我们研究工人劳动力市场条件的变化对居住隔离的影响提供了一个独特的机会。我们建立了一个具有分散工作场所的居住选择一般均衡模型,在这个模型中,家庭面临着在可达性、空间和公共产品(教育)之间的权衡。教育经费来自财产税,而财产税由多数投票决定。教育质量由支出和同侪群体效应决定。该模型的有趣之处在于:(i) 家庭在做出住宅选择决策时,会考虑家庭中男性和女性工作成员的工作地点;(ii) 分散工作场所的存在为工人提供了一个可供选择的工作地点;(iii) 工人的内生劳动力供给决策。我们发现,女性受教育程度的提高和男女工资的变化对大都市地区的家庭空间分布产生了重大影响,从而导致了收入隔离。
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