Drone-based monitoring and geomorphology of southern giant petrel nests near Palmer Station, western Antarctic Peninsula

IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Polar Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI:10.1007/s00300-024-03243-y
Gregory D. Larsen, Hanna F. Varga, Donna L. Patterson-Fraser, David W. Johnston, Megan A. Cimino
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Abstract

Human activities and climate change threaten seabirds globally, and many species are declining from already small breeding populations. Monitoring of breeding colonies can identify population trends and important conservation concerns, but it is a persistent challenge to achieve adequate coverage of remote and sensitive breeding sites. Southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) exemplify this challenge: as polar, pelagic marine predators they are subject to a variety of anthropogenic threats, but they often breed in remote colonies that are highly sensitive to disturbance. Aerial remote sensing can overcome some of these difficulties to census breeding sites and explore how local environmental factors influence important characteristics such as nest-site selection and chick survival. To this end, we used drone photography to map giant petrel nests, repeatedly evaluate chick survival and quantify-associated physical and biological characteristics of the landscape at two neighboring breeding sites on Humble Island and Elephant Rocks, along the western Antarctic Peninsula in January–March 2020. Nest sites occurred in areas with relatively high elevations, gentle slopes, and high wind exposure, and statistical models predicted suitable nest-site locations based on local spatial characteristics, explaining 72.8% of deviance at these sites. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of drones as a tool to identify, map, and monitor seabird nests, and to quantify important habitat associations that may constitute species preferences or sensitivities. These may, in turn, contextualize some of the diverse population trajectories observed for this species throughout the changing Antarctic environment.

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对南极半岛西部帕尔默站附近的南方巨海燕巢进行无人机监测和地貌研究
人类活动和气候变化威胁着全球海鸟,许多物种的繁殖种群数量正在减少。对繁殖地的监测可以发现种群趋势和重要的保护问题,但要实现对偏远和敏感繁殖地的充分覆盖却是一项长期的挑战。南方巨海燕(Macronectes giganteus)就是这一挑战的典型代表:作为极地中上层海洋食肉动物,它们受到各种人为威胁,但它们通常在偏远的繁殖地繁殖,对干扰非常敏感。航空遥感可以克服其中一些困难,对繁殖地进行普查,并探索当地环境因素如何影响巢址选择和雏鸟存活等重要特征。为此,我们于2020年1月至3月在南极半岛西部的谦卑岛(Humble Island)和大象岩(Elephant Rocks)两个相邻的繁殖地使用无人机摄影绘制了巨海燕的巢穴图,反复评估了雏鸟的存活率,并量化了景观的相关物理和生物特征。筑巢地点位于海拔相对较高、坡度较缓、风力较大的地区,统计模型根据当地空间特征预测了合适的筑巢地点,解释了这些地点72.8%的偏差。这些发现证明了无人机作为一种工具在识别、绘制和监测海鸟巢,以及量化可能构成物种偏好或敏感性的重要栖息地关联方面的功效。反过来,这些结果也可以说明在不断变化的南极环境中观察到的该物种的不同种群轨迹。
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来源期刊
Polar Biology
Polar Biology 生物-生态学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
11.80%
发文量
116
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Polar Biology publishes Original Papers, Reviews, and Short Notes and is the focal point for biologists working in polar regions. It is also of interest to scientists working in biology in general, ecology and physiology, as well as in oceanography and climatology related to polar life. Polar Biology presents results of studies in plants, animals, and micro-organisms of marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats in polar and subpolar regions of both hemispheres. Taxonomy/ Biogeography Life History Spatio-temporal Patterns in Abundance and Diversity Ecological Interactions Trophic Ecology Ecophysiology/ Biochemistry of Adaptation Biogeochemical Pathways and Cycles Ecological Models Human Impact/ Climate Change/ Conservation
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