Multi-parametrical analysis of Haptal glacier, lower Chenab basin, Jammu and Kashmir, India: A remote sensing approach

IF 1.3 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Earth System Science Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1007/s12040-024-02290-7

Shashi Kant Rai, Sunil Dhar, Gagandeep Kour, Rakesh Sahu, Arun Kumar, Deepak Pathania, Pankaj Mehta, Dinesh Kumar

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Abstract

Himalayan glaciers have shown a retreating trend since the Little Ice Age (LIA) in response to climate change. As glaciers are crucial for water security and ecological sustainability, it becomes necessary to map and monitor the glacial status from time to time. The present study is focused on the study of Haptal glacier located in the Bhuzas sub-basin of Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India, between the Pir-Panjal and Greater Himalayan range using satellite data. Results revealed that the glacier retreated continuously at progressive rates between 1980 and 2020, with an annual retreat rate of 28.25 ± 1.85 m a⁻¹. During 1999–2009, the highest (67.93 ± 2.8 m a⁻¹) retreat rate was observed. Maximum surface velocity was estimated during 1999–2000 (38.5 ± 4.7 m a⁻¹), while the glacier experienced the minimum surface velocity during 2019–2020 (32.5 ± 3.7 m a⁻¹). The glacier has lost its area (22.60 ± 8.18%), glacial length (10.95 ± 0.7%), and glacier ice volume (1.47 ± 0.56 km³; 29.63 ± 11.47%) during the study period. Modelled mean ice thickness using Glabtop2 for the glacier is estimated at 129.28 ± 13 m. The accumulation area values showed a decreasing trend of 10.89 ± 0.56 km² to 8.15 ± 0.3 km², indicating a change of 25.05 ± 5.8% between 1999 and 2020. Upward migration of snow line altitude from 5148 m (1999) to 5198 m (2020) indicates enhanced melting and glacier loss during the study period. The study further revealed that there is an overall decreasing trend in specific mass balance.

Research highlights

Haptal glacier retreated at progressive rates between 1980 and 2020
The rate of the recession was higher during 1999–2009
The upward migration of SLA showed melting process during the study period
Surface ice velocity of glacier is reduced during 1999–2021.
Temperature shows increasing trend and precipitation shows decreasing trend.

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印度查谟和克什米尔下切纳布盆地哈普塔尔冰川的多参数分析：遥感方法

摘要喜马拉雅山的冰川自小冰河时期（LIA）以来就因气候变化而呈现后退趋势。由于冰川对水源安全和生态可持续性至关重要，因此有必要不时对冰川状况进行测绘和监测。本研究利用卫星数据重点研究了位于印度查谟和克什米尔（UT）基什特瓦尔县布扎斯子盆地、皮尔-潘贾尔山脉和大喜马拉雅山脉之间的哈普塔尔冰川。结果显示，1980 年至 2020 年期间，冰川以渐进的速度持续后退，年后退率为 28.25 ± 1.85 m a-1。在 1999-2009 年期间，观测到了最高（67.93 ± 2.8 m a-1）的后退速度。据估计，1999-2000 年冰川表面速度最大（38.5 ± 4.7 m a-1），而 2019-2020 年冰川表面速度最小（32.5 ± 3.7 m a-1）。在研究期间，冰川面积（22.60 ± 8.18%）、冰川长度（10.95 ± 0.7%）和冰川冰量（1.47 ± 0.56 km3; 29.63 ± 11.47%）均有所减少。利用 Glabtop2 对冰川的平均冰厚度进行了模拟，估计为 129.28 ± 13 米。积雪面积值呈下降趋势，从 10.89 ± 0.56 平方公里降至 8.15 ± 0.3 平方公里，表明 1999 年至 2020 年期间变化了 25.05 ± 5.8%。雪线海拔高度从 5148 米（1999 年）上升到 5198 米（2020 年），表明在研究期间冰川融化和损失加剧。研究重点哈普塔尔冰川在 1980 年至 2020 年期间以渐进的速度后退，1999 年至 2009 年期间的后退速度较快，雪线海拔高度的上移表明在研究期间冰川正在融化，1999 年至 2021 年期间冰川的表层冰速降低。

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来源期刊

Journal of Earth System Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

5.30%

发文量

226

期刊介绍： The Journal of Earth System Science, an International Journal, was earlier a part of the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences – Section A begun in 1934, and later split in 1978 into theme journals. This journal was published as Proceedings – Earth and Planetary Sciences since 1978, and in 2005 was renamed ‘Journal of Earth System Science’. The journal is highly inter-disciplinary and publishes scholarly research – new data, ideas, and conceptual advances – in Earth System Science. The focus is on the evolution of the Earth as a system: manuscripts describing changes of anthropogenic origin in a limited region are not considered unless they go beyond describing the changes to include an analysis of earth-system processes. The journal''s scope includes the solid earth (geosphere), the atmosphere, the hydrosphere (including cryosphere), and the biosphere; it also addresses related aspects of planetary and space sciences. Contributions pertaining to the Indian sub- continent and the surrounding Indian-Ocean region are particularly welcome. Given that a large number of manuscripts report either observations or model results for a limited domain, manuscripts intended for publication in JESS are expected to fulfill at least one of the following three criteria. The data should be of relevance and should be of statistically significant size and from a region from where such data are sparse. If the data are from a well-sampled region, the data size should be considerable and advance our knowledge of the region. A model study is carried out to explain observations reported either in the same manuscript or in the literature. The analysis, whether of data or with models, is novel and the inferences advance the current knowledge.