Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and breast cancer risk in a population-based Canadian case–control study

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 ONCOLOGY Cancer Causes & Control Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.1007/s10552-024-01866-4

Patrick Hinton, Paul J. Villeneuve, Elisabeth Galarneau, Kristian Larsen, Deyong Wen, Jun Meng, Verica Savic-Jovcic, Junhua Zhang, Will D. King

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Abstract

Purpose

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of ubiquitous pollutants recognized as established human carcinogens and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. PAHs have seldom been modeled at the population-level in epidemiological studies. Fluoranthene is a prevalent PAH in urban settings and correlates with the occurrence of other PAHs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between long-term residential exposure to ambient PAHs and breast cancer risk, both pre- and post-menopausal, in Canada.

Methods

Using the National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System (NECSS), a national-scale Canadian population-based case–control study, annual fluoranthene exposures were estimated using the GEM-MACH-PAH chemical transport model on the basis of geocoded residential histories throughout a 20-year exposure window. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) controlling for potential confounders were estimated using logistic regression. Separate analyses were conducted for Ontario and national samples given a finer-resolution exposure surface and additional risk factor information available for Ontario.

Results

Positive associations were observed between fluoranthene exposure and premenopausal breast cancer, with inconsistent findings for postmenopausal breast cancer. For premenopausal breast cancer, adjusted ORs of 2.48 (95% CI: 1.29, 4.77) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.29) were observed when comparing the second highest category of exposure to the lowest, among the Ontario and national samples, respectively. For postmenopausal breast cancer, adjusted ORs were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.80) and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.73). Associations for the highest level of exposure, across both samples and menopausal strata, were non-significant.

Conclusion

This study provides support for the hypothesis that ambient PAH exposures increase the risk of premenopausal breast cancer.

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一项基于人群的加拿大病例对照研究中的环境多环芳烃暴露与乳腺癌风险

目的多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类无处不在的污染物，已被确认为人类致癌物和干扰内分泌的化学品。在流行病学研究中，多环芳烃很少在人群层面进行模拟。荧蒽是城市环境中普遍存在的一种多环芳烃，并与其他多环芳烃的出现相关。本研究旨在评估加拿大居民长期暴露于环境中的多环芳烃与绝经前和绝经后乳腺癌风险之间的关系。方法利用全国癌症监测系统 (NECSS)（这是一项基于加拿大全国范围人群的病例对照研究），使用 GEM-MACH-PAH 化学迁移模型，在 20 年暴露窗口期的地理编码居住历史的基础上，估算每年的氟蒽暴露量。使用逻辑回归法估算了潜在混杂因素的比值比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。由于安大略省的暴露面分辨率更高，且可获得更多的风险因素信息，因此对安大略省和全国样本分别进行了分析。结果观察到氟蒽暴露与绝经前乳腺癌之间存在正相关关系，但绝经后乳腺癌的研究结果不一致。就绝经前乳腺癌而言，在安大略省和全国样本中，将暴露量第二高的类别与暴露量最低的类别进行比较，分别观察到调整后的 OR 值为 2.48（95% CI：1.29，4.77）和 1.59（95% CI：1.11，2.29）。对于绝经后乳腺癌，调整后的OR值分别为1.10（95% CI：0.67，1.80）和1.33（95% CI：1.02，1.73）。结论本研究为环境中多环芳烃暴露会增加绝经前乳腺癌风险的假设提供了支持。

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来源期刊

Cancer Causes & Control 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

4.30%

发文量

130

审稿时长

6.6 months

期刊介绍： Cancer Causes & Control is an international refereed journal that both reports and stimulates new avenues of investigation into the causes, control, and subsequent prevention of cancer. By drawing together related information published currently in a diverse range of biological and medical journals, it has a multidisciplinary and multinational approach. The scope of the journal includes: variation in cancer distribution within and between populations; factors associated with cancer risk; preventive and therapeutic interventions on a population scale; economic, demographic, and health-policy implications of cancer; and related methodological issues. The emphasis is on speed of publication. The journal will normally publish within 30 to 60 days of acceptance of manuscripts. Cancer Causes & Control publishes Original Articles, Reviews, Commentaries, Opinions, Short Communications and Letters to the Editor which will have direct relevance to researchers and practitioners working in epidemiology, medical statistics, cancer biology, health education, medical economics and related fields. The journal also contains significant information for government agencies concerned with cancer research, control and policy.