Cancer Causes & Control最新文献

Climate change poses an enormous threat to human health. It increases exposure to risk factors related to cancer while simultaneously threatening effective cancer care in the face of overstrained resources and natural hazards. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected by the effects of climate change which further limits their ability to respond effectively to this growing threat. Measures to build resilience and mitigate the impact warrant multi-sectoral local and global collaborations. Mitigation strategies positively impact cancer control by reducing exposure to risk factors. The current pace of climate change and the rising rates of cancer incidence in LMICs calls for urgent, effective, evidence-based global efforts toward protecting the health and wellbeing of our planet. This paper discusses strategies to build climate resilience in healthcare and measures to mitigate the emissions of oncology care in LMICs.

Purpose: The relationship between engaging in two domains of cancer-preventive behaviors, lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening, is unknown in Hispanic adults. Accordingly, the study examined the association between lifestyle and colonoscopy screening in Hispanic adults along the Texas-Mexico border, where there is suboptimal colorectal cancer prevention.

Methods: Lifestyle behavior adherence and compliance with colonoscopy screening schedules were assessed using 2013-2023 data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohorta population-based sample of Hispanic adults living along the Texas-Mexico border. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund scoring system characterized healthy lifestyle engagement. Multivariable logistic regression quantified the association between lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening.

Results: Among 914 Hispanic adults, there was a mean adherence score of 2.5 out of 7 for recommended behaviors. Only 33.0% (95% CI 25.64-41.39%) were up-to-date with colonoscopy. Complete adherence to fruit and vegetable (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] 5.2, 95% CI 1.68-16.30; p = 0.004), fiber (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.06-4.37; p = 0.04), and ultra-processed foods (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.30-6.21; p = 0.01) consumption recommendations were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy screening. Having insurance versus being uninsured (AOR 10.8, 95% CI 3.83-30.62; p < 0.001) and having local medical care versus in Mexico (AOR 7.0, 95% CI 2.26-21.43; p < 0.001) were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy.

Conclusions: Adherence to dietary lifestyle recommendations was associated with being up-to-date with colonoscopy screenings. Those with poor dietary behavior are at risk for low-colonoscopy use. Improving lifestyle behaviors may complement colonoscopy promotion interventions. Healthcare accessibility influences up-to-date colonoscopy prevalence. Our findings can inform cancer prevention strategies for the Hispanic population.

Purpose: More than 10 million annual global cancer deaths are exacerbated by the impact of climate change and environmental determinants of health. This brief report provides a summary of and mitigating recommendations for the complex intersection between climate change and surgical cancer care.

Methods: A review of scientific literature from the last 10 years was conducted to assess the current impact of climate change on cancer care with a focus on surgical interventions. Studies with an impact score of 6 or higher and the keywords of climate change, extreme weather, cancer care, and surgery were reviewed. After removing duplicates and excluded studies, 30 studies remained and were reviewed by two reviewers.

Results: Climate-related factors impacting surgical care result in a myriad of healthcare impacts, including disruption of services, impact on patient outcomes and survival, as well as an overburdening of hospital and surgical services.

Conclusion: Climate change, including extreme weather events, threatens cancer surgical care and delivery by exacerbating comorbidities, disrupting healthcare systems, and increasing disparities in cancer care. Climate change is a burgeoning threat to global health, cancer care, patients, and communities.

Purpose: Significant advances in the management, in particular the treatment, of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has have been made over the years. However, it is not clear whether these advances reduce the disease burden of RCC at the population level.

Methods: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we estimated the temporal trends of RCC incidence, incidence-based mortality (IBM), and survival rates in the United States (US) from 1992 to 2019.

Results: From 2008 to 2019, the incidence increased slowly at 1.1% annually (95% CI: 0.6% to 1.5%). The overall IBM rate of RCC increased by 6.8% per year (95% CI: - 1.1% to 15.3%) between 1994 and 1997, plateaued between 1997 and 2015, and then decreased nonsignificantly after 2015. During the study period, the overall Five year survival rate of RCC continuously increased from 53.69 in 1992 to 72.90% in 2014, with the best improvement observed for RCC patients with distant disease. However, we projected that, given the current trends, the incidence of RCC in the US will continue to increase from 6.92 per 100,000 in 2015-2019 to 9.59 per 100,000 in 2040-2044.

Conclusion: Over the years, the mortality of RCC has been decreased reducing at the US population level mainly because the considerably significantly improved survival of RCC patients at all stages through the advances in treatment. However, the overall incidence of RCC is continuously increasing, indicating that more effective preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the disease burden of RCC.

Purpose: To estimate the number of screenings received, life-years (LYs) saved, and number of screenings per LY saved per woman who participated in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) (Program) compared with those who did not participate (no Program).

Methods: We developed a time-to-event simulation model to compare the outcomes of women participating in the Program vs. no Program, categorized by race/ethnicity. Model input parameters included data from the Program's minimum data elements, United States Cancer Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, and published literature. The Program's impact was calculated as the difference in LYs between the Program and no Program using data from 2010 to 2019.

Results: Among 1 million women of all races/ethnicities who participated in the NBCCEDP in the last 10 years, 457,152 (standard deviation [SD]: 848) received more screenings than those who did not participate. These participants saved an average of 0.027 LYs per woman screened. In addition, we estimated that about 17 screenings would be required to save an additional 1 LY per woman screened in the Program compared with no Program. Per woman screened by race/ethnicity, non-Hispanic Black women had the highest estimated 0.075 LYs saved, followed by Hispanic women with 0.025 LYs, non-Hispanic White with 0.014 LYs, and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian/Pacific Islander had the least health outcome with 0.011 LYs.

Conclusion: The reported findings underscore the importance of providing preventive health services to populations that might not otherwise have access to these services.

Purpose: According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally after cardiovascular diseases and the third leading cause of death in Iran. It is generally accepted that suicidal thoughts and rumination affect the treatment process of cancer. As the rate of suicide in the first 6 months after cancer diagnosis has been reported seven times compared to the general population. On the other hand, it seems that patients' perception of their disease and social support are predictors of suicidal thoughts and rumination in these patients. In this study, we investigated the impact of disease perception and social support on the level of suicidal thoughts and rumination in cancer patients.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on the adult cancer patients of Hamadan city in 2024. A total of 250 patients were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow Rumination Questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and the Social Support Questionnaire (SS-A). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis with the application of SPSS-26 software.

Results: The findings indicate that social support (β = - 0.458, p < 0.001 (and disease perception (β = 0.168, p = 0.003) are significant predictors of suicidal thoughts. Additionally, increased disease perception (β = 0.242, p = 0.000) can lead to increased rumination (β = - 0.379, p = 0.000), while social support (β = - 0.379, p = 0.000) plays a protective role in reducing rumination.

Discussion: The results of this study show that disease perception and social support can predict suicidal thoughts and rumination in cancer patients. Clinically, the findings emphasize the necessity of considering psychological factors such as disease perception and social support in the treatment process of cancer patients.

Purpose: To profile breast screening participation at small-area (SA2) level in South Australia (SA) and capture local variations in socio-economic factors, access to healthcare, and cultural influences screening behaviors in ways that larger administrative units might overlook.

Methods: SA2 demographic (2016 Census) and breast screening data in SA (2014-2015) were linked and analyzed. The dependent variable, biennial screening participation (ages 50-74 years), was classified as "low" if below the SA-wide biennial participation rate of 58%. Independent variables included SA2-level sociodemographic factors (e.g., socio-economic status, residential remoteness, country of birth) derived from Census data. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for low screening participation associated with SA2 demographic characteristics.

Results: BreastScreen SA participation for the 164 SA2 areas was 50.6%, ranging from 41.1% for ages 55-59 to 67.8% for ages 60-64. Indicators of low participation included disadvantaged socio-economic quintile (aOR increasing to 17.00, 95% CI 9.84-29.36 for quintiles 3-5 compared with the least disadvantaged quintile 1), non-metropolitan residence (aOR 4.94, 95% CI 2.30-10.60), and mortgage/rental stress in low-income households (aOR increasing to 6.59, 95% CI 3.34-13.00 for the third compared with first stress tertile). Areas providing more unpaid care support for disabled/aged people had reduced odds of low screening participation (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.70). Characteristics indicating low odds of low screening included a higher proportion of Australian born (tertile 2, aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30-0.88, and tertile 3, aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11-0.67).

Conclusion: Further model that aims to improve breast screening participation need to be explored at both individual and SA2 levels. Potential cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD), Indigenous, and socio-economic indicators could be drawn from the newly available ABS-managed PLIDA platform. More contemporary SA2 and screening data should also be used for prospective evaluation.

Purpose: The water resources in California are polluted with nitrate (NO₃) due to the ever-increasing application of nitrogen-based fertilizers. Considering the potential connection between NO₃ in drinking water and the incidence rate of colorectal cancer, this study aims to investigate the association between long-term exposure to NO₃ via drinking water and the incidence of colorectal cancer from 2010 to 2015 in California.

Methods: A total of 56,631 diagnoses of colorectal cancer were recorded from 2010 to 2015. A generalized linear model was used to obtain the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval associated with a 1 mg/l-NO₃ increase in NO₃ concentration across five latency periods. The potential effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, and age (> 40, 41-64, 65-90, and > 90) was explored through stratification.

Results: The association between increases in the concentration of NO₃ at lag 0-1, lag 0-5, lag 0-10, lag 0-15, and lag 0-20 (RRs: 1.056 [1.055, 1.058]; 1.066 [1.063, 1.069]; 1.030 [1.028, 1.031]; 1.017 [1.016, 1.018]; 1.035 [1.034, 1.037], respectively) was positively associated with the RR of colorectal cancer. Sex was not found to be a significant modifier. The RRs for Hispanics, Blacks, and other races were greater than those for Whites; the RRs across different age categories were all significantly positive.

Conclusion: This study confirms an association between long-term NO₃ exposure in drinking water and the incidence of colorectal cancer in California, emphasizing the need for stringent water quality control and public health strategies to address this risk, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose: Black women are 30% more likely to die of ovarian cancer than White women. Discrimination may affect cancer health disparities through pathways including socioeconomic disadvantage, chronic stress, and access to care. In this study, we evaluated associations of discrimination and trust in physicians with all-cause mortality among Black women with ovarian cancer.

Methods: Using data from the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES), we included 592 Black ovarian cancer patients who completed an interview. Discrimination and trust in physicians were measured using the Everyday Discrimination, Major Experiences of Discrimination, and Trust in Physicians scales, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazard models to compute multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associating everyday discrimination, major experiences of discrimination, and trust in physicians with all-cause mortality.

Results: Approximately 43% reported experiencing at least one major experience of discrimination, 16% reported high everyday experiences of discrimination, and the median trust in physician score was 35. The association between higher experiences of everyday discrimination was HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.11), compared with low experiences of everyday discrimination. We observed that more major experiences of discrimination had 1.25-times the mortality rate compared with low experiences of major discrimination (95% CI: 0.84, 2.20). Higher trust in physicians was associated with slightly lower mortality rates (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.14).

Conclusion: We observed complexities in the relationships of everyday discrimination, major experiences of discrimination, and trust in physicians with mortality among Black women with ovarian cancer. Future work to understand the these relationships is likely warranted.

Climate change impacts each step of the cancer control continuum, from prevention to survivorship. Importantly, several human activities driving greenhouse gas emissions also impact cancer risk and outcomes. Therefore, there is significant overlap between climate and cancer control solutions. This article describes the connection between the current food system, climate change, and cancer; one realm of human activities with enormous potential for modifications and implementation of win-win solutions.