Safe and Scalable Real-Time Trajectory Planning Framework for Urban Air Mobility

IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Journal of Aerospace Information Systems Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.2514/1.i011381
Abenezer G. Taye, Roberto Valenti, Akshay Rajhans, Anastasia Mavrommati, Pieter J. Mosterman, Peng Wei
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Abstract

This paper presents a real-time trajectory planning framework for urban air mobility (UAM) that is both safe and scalable. The proposed framework employs a decentralized, free-flight concept of operation in which each aircraft independently performs separation assurance and conflict resolution, generating safe trajectories by accounting for the future states of nearby aircraft. The framework consists of two main components: a data-driven reachability analysis tool and an efficient Markov-decision-process-based decision maker. The reachability analysis overapproximates the reachable set of each aircraft through a discrepancy function learned online from simulated trajectories. The decision maker, on the other hand, uses a 6-degree-of-freedom guidance model of fixed-wing aircraft to ensure collision-free trajectory planning. Additionally, the proposed framework incorporates reward shaping and action shielding techniques to enhance safety performance. The proposed framework was evaluated through simulation experiments involving up to 32 aircraft in a generic city-scale area with a 15 km radius, with performance measured by the number of near-midair collisions (NMAC) and computational time. The results demonstrate the planner’s ability to generate safe trajectories for the aircraft in polynomial time, showing its scalability. Moreover, the action shielding and reward shaping strategies show up to a 78.71 and 85.14% reduction in NMAC compared to the baseline planner, respectively.

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安全、可扩展的城市空中交通实时轨迹规划框架
本文提出了一种既安全又可扩展的城市空中交通(UAM)实时轨迹规划框架。该框架采用分散、自由飞行的操作理念,每架飞机独立执行分离保证和冲突解决,通过考虑附近飞机的未来状态生成安全轨迹。该框架由两个主要部分组成:数据驱动的可达性分析工具和基于马尔可夫决策过程的高效决策者。可达性分析工具通过从模拟轨迹中在线学习的差异函数来过度接近每架飞机的可达集合。另一方面,决策制定器使用固定翼飞机的 6 自由度制导模型来确保无碰撞轨迹规划。此外,拟议框架还采用了奖励塑造和行动屏蔽技术,以提高安全性能。在半径为 15 千米的一般城市规模区域内,通过涉及多达 32 架飞机的模拟实验对所提出的框架进行了评估,并通过近空中碰撞(NMAC)次数和计算时间来衡量其性能。实验结果表明,规划器能够在多项式时间内为飞机生成安全轨迹,显示了其可扩展性。此外,与基线规划器相比,行动屏蔽和奖励塑造策略分别减少了 78.71% 和 85.14% 的近空中碰撞次数。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
13.30%
发文量
58
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: This Journal is devoted to the dissemination of original archival research papers describing new theoretical developments, novel applications, and case studies regarding advances in aerospace computing, information, and networks and communication systems that address aerospace-specific issues. Issues related to signal processing, electromagnetics, antenna theory, and the basic networking hardware transmission technologies of a network are not within the scope of this journal. Topics include aerospace systems and software engineering; verification and validation of embedded systems; the field known as ‘big data,’ data analytics, machine learning, and knowledge management for aerospace systems; human-automation interaction and systems health management for aerospace systems. Applications of autonomous systems, systems engineering principles, and safety and mission assurance are of particular interest. The Journal also features Technical Notes that discuss particular technical innovations or applications in the topics described above. Papers are also sought that rigorously review the results of recent research developments. In addition to original research papers and reviews, the journal publishes articles that review books, conferences, social media, and new educational modes applicable to the scope of the Journal.
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