Quantum Jamming Brings Quantum Mechanics to Macroscopic Scales

IF 11.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI:10.1103/physrevx.14.021015
Maurizio Fagotti
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Abstract

A quantum spin-12 chain with an axial symmetry is normally described by quasiparticles associated with the spins oriented along the axis of rotation. Kinetic constraints can enrich such a description by setting apart different species of quasiparticles, which can get stuck at high enough density, realizing the quantum analog of jamming. We identify a family of interactions satisfying simple kinetic constraints and consider generic translationally invariant models built up from them. We study dynamics following a local unjamming perturbation in a jammed state. We show that they can be mapped into dynamics of ordinary unconstrained systems, but the nonlocality of the mapping changes the scales at which the phenomena manifest themselves. Scattering of quasiparticles, formation of bound states, and eigenstate localization become all visible at macroscopic scales. Depending on whether a symmetry is present or not, the microscopic details of the jammed state turn out to have either a marginal or a strong effect. In the former case or when the initial state is almost homogeneous, we show that even a product state is turned into a macroscopic quantum state.

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量子干扰将量子力学带入宏观尺度
具有轴对称性的量子自旋-12 链通常由与沿旋转轴方向的自旋相关的准粒子来描述。动力学约束可以通过区分不同种类的准粒子来丰富这种描述,这些准粒子在足够高的密度下会被卡住,实现量子类似的干扰。我们确定了一系列满足简单动力学约束的相互作用,并考虑了由它们建立的一般平移不变模型。我们研究了干扰状态下局部解干扰扰动后的动力学。我们证明,它们可以映射到普通无约束系统的动力学中,但映射的非局部性改变了现象表现的尺度。准粒子的散射、束缚态的形成和特征态的局部化在宏观尺度上都是可见的。根据对称性的存在与否,干扰态的微观细节会产生微弱或强烈的影响。在前一种情况下,或者当初始状态几乎是均匀的时候,我们证明即使是积状态也会变成宏观量子态。
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来源期刊
Physical Review X
Physical Review X PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
24.60
自引率
1.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Physical Review X (PRX) stands as an exclusively online, fully open-access journal, emphasizing innovation, quality, and enduring impact in the scientific content it disseminates. Devoted to showcasing a curated selection of papers from pure, applied, and interdisciplinary physics, PRX aims to feature work with the potential to shape current and future research while leaving a lasting and profound impact in their respective fields. Encompassing the entire spectrum of physics subject areas, PRX places a special focus on groundbreaking interdisciplinary research with broad-reaching influence.
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