Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011041
Jose M. G. Vilar, J. Miguel Rubi, Leonor Saiz
The disassembly of misfolded protein aggregates is a requirement for the proper functioning of cells. It has implications in multiple neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The active unbundling of fibrillar aggregates has recently been identified as a key rate-limiting step in the disassembly process. However, the nature of the underlying molecular mechanism remains an outstanding question. Here, we develop a coarse-grained computational approach from the atomistic structural information and show that the interactions of molecules tethered to fibrils lead to entropic forces consistent with the unbundling process observed in amyloid α-synuclein disaggregation by Hsp70. We uncover two main types of entropic effects, categorized as intraprotofilament and interprotofilament, which are differentially affected by the system parameters and conditions. Our results show that only highly efficient chaperone systems can overcome the free-energy cost of the lateral association between two protofilaments. Through the analysis of cryoelectron tomography and high-speed atomic force microscopy data, we find that the conditions for highly efficient entropic force generation are those typically achieved with cochaperone networks and ATP hydrolysis, which require energy expenditure but do not provide an enthalpic component to the separation force. We highlight the implications of these results for the design of targeted therapies for the underlying neuropathologies. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Chaperone-Driven Entropic Separation of Amyloid Nanofilament Bundles","authors":"Jose M. G. Vilar, J. Miguel Rubi, Leonor Saiz","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011041","url":null,"abstract":"The disassembly of misfolded protein aggregates is a requirement for the proper functioning of cells. It has implications in multiple neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The active unbundling of fibrillar aggregates has recently been identified as a key rate-limiting step in the disassembly process. However, the nature of the underlying molecular mechanism remains an outstanding question. Here, we develop a coarse-grained computational approach from the atomistic structural information and show that the interactions of molecules tethered to fibrils lead to entropic forces consistent with the unbundling process observed in amyloid α-synuclein disaggregation by Hsp70. We uncover two main types of entropic effects, categorized as intraprotofilament and interprotofilament, which are differentially affected by the system parameters and conditions. Our results show that only highly efficient chaperone systems can overcome the free-energy cost of the lateral association between two protofilaments. Through the analysis of cryoelectron tomography and high-speed atomic force microscopy data, we find that the conditions for highly efficient entropic force generation are those typically achieved with cochaperone networks and ATP hydrolysis, which require energy expenditure but do not provide an enthalpic component to the separation force. We highlight the implications of these results for the design of targeted therapies for the underlying neuropathologies. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011040
Carmelo Mordini, Alfredo Ricci Vasquez, Yuto Motohashi, Mose Müller, Maciej Malinowski, Chi Zhang, Karan K. Mehta, Daniel Kienzler, Jonathan P. Home
Multiplexed operations and extended coherent control over multiple trapping sites are fundamental requirements for a trapped-ion processor in a large-scale architecture. Here, we demonstrate these building blocks using a surface-electrode trap with integrated photonic components which are scalable to larger numbers of zones. We implement a Ramsey sequence using the integrated light in two zones, separated by 375μm, performing transport of the ion from one zone to the other in 200μs between pulses. In order to achieve low motional excitation during transport, we develop techniques to measure and mitigate the effect of the exposed dielectric surfaces used to deliver the integrated light to the ion. We also demonstrate simultaneous control of two ions in separate zones with low optical crosstalk and use this to perform simultaneous spectroscopy to correlate field noise between the two sites. Our work demonstrates the first transport and coherent multizone operations in integrated photonic ion trap systems, forming the basis for further scaling in the trapped-ion quantum charge-coupled device architecture. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Multizone Trapped-Ion Qubit Control in an Integrated Photonics QCCD Device","authors":"Carmelo Mordini, Alfredo Ricci Vasquez, Yuto Motohashi, Mose Müller, Maciej Malinowski, Chi Zhang, Karan K. Mehta, Daniel Kienzler, Jonathan P. Home","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011040","url":null,"abstract":"Multiplexed operations and extended coherent control over multiple trapping sites are fundamental requirements for a trapped-ion processor in a large-scale architecture. Here, we demonstrate these building blocks using a surface-electrode trap with integrated photonic components which are scalable to larger numbers of zones. We implement a Ramsey sequence using the integrated light in two zones, separated by 375</a:mn></a:mtext></a:mtext>μ</a:mi>m</a:mi></a:mrow></a:mrow></a:math>, performing transport of the ion from one zone to the other in <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:mn>200</e:mn><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">μ</e:mi><e:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> between pulses. In order to achieve low motional excitation during transport, we develop techniques to measure and mitigate the effect of the exposed dielectric surfaces used to deliver the integrated light to the ion. We also demonstrate simultaneous control of two ions in separate zones with low optical crosstalk and use this to perform simultaneous spectroscopy to correlate field noise between the two sites. Our work demonstrates the first transport and coherent multizone operations in integrated photonic ion trap systems, forming the basis for further scaling in the trapped-ion quantum charge-coupled device architecture. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011039
Jorge Estrada-Álvarez, Juan Salvador-Sánchez, Ana Pérez-Rodríguez, Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez, Vito Clericò, Daniel Vaquero, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Enrique Diez, Francisco Domínguez-Adame, Mario Amado, Elena Díaz
Viscous electron flow exhibits exotic signatures such as superballistic conduction. In order to observe hydrodynamics effects, a 2D device where the current flow is as inhomogeneous as possible is desirable. To this end, we build three antidot graphene superlattices with different hole diameters. We measure their electrical properties at various temperatures and under the effect of a perpendicular magnetic field. We find an enhanced superballistic effect, suggesting the effectiveness of the geometry at bending the electron flow. In addition, superballistic conduction, which is related to a transition from a noncollective to a collective regime of transport, behaves nonmonotonically with the magnetic field. We also analyze the device resistance as a function of the size of the antidot superlattice to find characteristic scaling laws describing the different transport regimes. We prove that the antidot superlattice is a convenient geometry for realizing hydrodynamic flow and provide valuable explanations for the technologically relevant effects of superballistic conduction and scaling laws. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Superballistic Conduction in Hydrodynamic Antidot Graphene Superlattices","authors":"Jorge Estrada-Álvarez, Juan Salvador-Sánchez, Ana Pérez-Rodríguez, Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez, Vito Clericò, Daniel Vaquero, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Enrique Diez, Francisco Domínguez-Adame, Mario Amado, Elena Díaz","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011039","url":null,"abstract":"Viscous electron flow exhibits exotic signatures such as superballistic conduction. In order to observe hydrodynamics effects, a 2D device where the current flow is as inhomogeneous as possible is desirable. To this end, we build three antidot graphene superlattices with different hole diameters. We measure their electrical properties at various temperatures and under the effect of a perpendicular magnetic field. We find an enhanced superballistic effect, suggesting the effectiveness of the geometry at bending the electron flow. In addition, superballistic conduction, which is related to a transition from a noncollective to a collective regime of transport, behaves nonmonotonically with the magnetic field. We also analyze the device resistance as a function of the size of the antidot superlattice to find characteristic scaling laws describing the different transport regimes. We prove that the antidot superlattice is a convenient geometry for realizing hydrodynamic flow and provide valuable explanations for the technologically relevant effects of superballistic conduction and scaling laws. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011038
Nikita D. Andriushin, Justus Grumbach, Anton A. Kulbakov, Yuliia V. Tymoshenko, Yevhen A. Onykiienko, Reza Firouzmandi, Erjian Cheng, Sergey Granovsky, Yurii Skourski, Jacques Ollivier, Helen C. Walker, Vilmos Kocsis, Bernd Büchner, Bernhard Keimer, Mathias Doerr, Dmytro S. Inosov, Darren C. Peets
Centrosymmetric compounds which host three-dimensional topological spin structures comprise a distinct subclass of materials in which multiple-q magnetic order is stabilized by anisotropy and bond frustration in contrast to the more common path of antisymmetric exchange interactions. Here we investigate static and dynamic magnetic properties of the cubic perovskite SrFeO3—a rare example of a centrosymmetric material hosting two types of topological spin textures: skyrmionlike and hedgehog-lattice phases. Our detailed magnetization and dilatometry measurements describe the domain selection processes and phase transitions in SrFeO3. Spin excitations are investigated using inelastic neutron scattering for all three zero-field phases. In the higher-temperature ordered phases, high-energy magnons increasingly lose coherence, so that spin fluctuations are dominated by a distinct quasielastic component at low energies. We anticipate that this could be generic to symmetric helimagnets in which the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken by the magnetic order. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Anomalous Quasielastic Scattering Contribution in the Centrosymmetric Multi- q Helimagnet SrFeO3","authors":"Nikita D. Andriushin, Justus Grumbach, Anton A. Kulbakov, Yuliia V. Tymoshenko, Yevhen A. Onykiienko, Reza Firouzmandi, Erjian Cheng, Sergey Granovsky, Yurii Skourski, Jacques Ollivier, Helen C. Walker, Vilmos Kocsis, Bernd Büchner, Bernhard Keimer, Mathias Doerr, Dmytro S. Inosov, Darren C. Peets","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011038","url":null,"abstract":"Centrosymmetric compounds which host three-dimensional topological spin structures comprise a distinct subclass of materials in which multiple-q</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> magnetic order is stabilized by anisotropy and bond frustration in contrast to the more common path of antisymmetric exchange interactions. Here we investigate static and dynamic magnetic properties of the cubic perovskite <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:mrow><d:msub><d:mrow><d:mi>SrFeO</d:mi></d:mrow><d:mrow><d:mn>3</d:mn></d:mrow></d:msub></d:mrow></d:math>—a rare example of a centrosymmetric material hosting two types of topological spin textures: skyrmionlike and hedgehog-lattice phases. Our detailed magnetization and dilatometry measurements describe the domain selection processes and phase transitions in <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mrow><f:msub><f:mrow><f:mi>SrFeO</f:mi></f:mrow><f:mrow><f:mn>3</f:mn></f:mrow></f:msub></f:mrow></f:math>. Spin excitations are investigated using inelastic neutron scattering for all three zero-field phases. In the higher-temperature ordered phases, high-energy magnons increasingly lose coherence, so that spin fluctuations are dominated by a distinct quasielastic component at low energies. We anticipate that this could be generic to symmetric helimagnets in which the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken by the magnetic order. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011037
Muqing Yu, Nicholas Hougland, Qianheng Du, Junyi Yang, Sayanwita Biswas, Ranjani Ramachandran, Dengyu Yang, Anand Bhattacharya, David Pekker, Patrick Irvin, Jeremy Levy
The discovery of two-dimensional superconductivity in LaAlO3/KTaO3 (111) and (110) interfaces has raised significant interest in this system. In this paper, we report the first successful fabrication of a direct current superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) in the KTO system. The key device elements, superconducting weak links, are created by conductive atomic force microscope lithography, which can reversibly control the conductivity at the LAO/KTO (110) interface with nanoscale resolution. The periodic modulation of the SQUID critical current Ic(B) with magnetic field corresponds well with our theoretical modeling, which reveals a large kinetic inductance of the superconducting two-dimensional electron gas in KTO. The kinetic inductance of the SQUID is tunable by electrical gating from the back, due to the large dielectric constant of KTO. The demonstration of weak links and SQUIDs in KTO broadens the scope for exploring the underlying physics of KTO superconductivity, including the role of spin-orbit coupling, pairing symmetry, and inhomogeneity. It also promotes KTO as a versatile platform for a growing family of quantum devices, which could be applicable in the realm of quantum computing and information. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Sketched Nanoscale KTaO3 -Based Superconducting Quantum Interference Device","authors":"Muqing Yu, Nicholas Hougland, Qianheng Du, Junyi Yang, Sayanwita Biswas, Ranjani Ramachandran, Dengyu Yang, Anand Bhattacharya, David Pekker, Patrick Irvin, Jeremy Levy","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011037","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of two-dimensional superconductivity in LaAlO</a:mi></a:mrow>3</a:mn></a:msub>/</a:mo>KTaO</a:mi></a:mrow>3</a:mn></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> (111) and (110) interfaces has raised significant interest in this system. In this paper, we report the first successful fabrication of a direct current superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) in the KTO system. The key device elements, superconducting weak links, are created by conductive atomic force microscope lithography, which can reversibly control the conductivity at the LAO/KTO (110) interface with nanoscale resolution. The periodic modulation of the SQUID critical current <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:mrow><d:msub><d:mi>I</d:mi><d:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</d:mi></d:msub><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</d:mo><d:mi>B</d:mi><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</d:mo></d:mrow></d:math> with magnetic field corresponds well with our theoretical modeling, which reveals a large kinetic inductance of the superconducting two-dimensional electron gas in KTO. The kinetic inductance of the SQUID is tunable by electrical gating from the back, due to the large dielectric constant of KTO. The demonstration of weak links and SQUIDs in KTO broadens the scope for exploring the underlying physics of KTO superconductivity, including the role of spin-orbit coupling, pairing symmetry, and inhomogeneity. It also promotes KTO as a versatile platform for a growing family of quantum devices, which could be applicable in the realm of quantum computing and information. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011036
Taekoo Oh, Naoto Nagaosa
Thermal transport is a crucial probe for studying excitations in insulators. In Mott insulators, the primary candidates for heat carriers are spins and phonons; which of these candidates dominates the thermal conductivity is a persistent issue. Typically, phonons dominate the longitudinal thermal conductivity while the thermal Hall effect (THE) is primarily associated with spins, requiring time-reversal symmetry breaking. The coupling between phonons and spins usually depends on spin-orbit interactions and is relatively weak. Here, we propose a new mechanism for this coupling and the associated THE: the skew scattering of phonons via spin fluctuations by the scalar spin chirality. This coupling does not require spin-orbit interactions and is ubiquitous in Mott insulators, leading to a thermal Hall angle on the order of 10−3 to 10−2. Based on this mechanism, we investigate the THE in YMnO3 with a trimerized triangular lattice where the THE beyond spins was recognized, and we predict the THE in the kagome and square lattices. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Phonon Thermal Hall Effect in Mott Insulators via Skew Scattering by the Scalar Spin Chirality","authors":"Taekoo Oh, Naoto Nagaosa","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011036","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal transport is a crucial probe for studying excitations in insulators. In Mott insulators, the primary candidates for heat carriers are spins and phonons; which of these candidates dominates the thermal conductivity is a persistent issue. Typically, phonons dominate the longitudinal thermal conductivity while the thermal Hall effect (THE) is primarily associated with spins, requiring time-reversal symmetry breaking. The coupling between phonons and spins usually depends on spin-orbit interactions and is relatively weak. Here, we propose a new mechanism for this coupling and the associated THE: the skew scattering of phonons via spin fluctuations by the scalar spin chirality. This coupling does not require spin-orbit interactions and is ubiquitous in Mott insulators, leading to a thermal Hall angle on the order of 10</a:mn>−</a:mo>3</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:math> to <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:msup><c:mn>10</c:mn><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:math>. Based on this mechanism, we investigate the THE in <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:msub><e:mrow><e:mi>YMnO</e:mi></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mn>3</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msub></e:mrow></e:math> with a trimerized triangular lattice where the THE beyond spins was recognized, and we predict the THE in the kagome and square lattices. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum thermalization occurs in a broad class of systems from elementary particles to complex materials. Out-of-equilibrium quantum systems have long been understood to either thermalize or retain memory of their initial states, but not both. Here, we achieve the first coexistence of thermalization and memory in a quantum system, where we use both Rydberg blockade and facilitation in an atom array to engineer a fragmentation of the Hilbert space into exponentially many disjointed subspaces. We find that the kinetically constrained system yields quantum many-body scars arising from the Z2k class of initial states, which generalizes beyond the Z2 scars previously reported in other quantum systems. When bringing multiple long-range interactions into resonance, we observe quantum thermalization restricted to Hilbert space fragments, where the thermalized system retains characteristics of the initial configuration. Intriguingly, states belonging to different subspaces do not thermalize with each other even when they have the same energy. Our work sheds light on a subtle aspect of quantum thermalization while experimentally resolving the long-standing tension between thermalization and memory. These results may be applied to control entanglement dynamics in quantum processors and quantum sensors. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Observation of Quantum Thermalization Restricted to Hilbert Space Fragments and Z2k Scars","authors":"Luheng Zhao, Prithvi Raj Datla, Weikun Tian, Mohammad Mujahid Aliyu, Huanqian Loh","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011035","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum thermalization occurs in a broad class of systems from elementary particles to complex materials. Out-of-equilibrium quantum systems have long been understood to either thermalize or retain memory of their initial states, but not both. Here, we achieve the first coexistence of thermalization and memory in a quantum system, where we use both Rydberg blockade and facilitation in an atom array to engineer a fragmentation of the Hilbert space into exponentially many disjointed subspaces. We find that the kinetically constrained system yields quantum many-body scars arising from the Z</a:mi>2</a:mn>k</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub></a:math> class of initial states, which generalizes beyond the <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:msub><d:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Z</d:mi><d:mn>2</d:mn></d:msub></d:math> scars previously reported in other quantum systems. When bringing multiple long-range interactions into resonance, we observe quantum thermalization restricted to Hilbert space fragments, where the thermalized system retains characteristics of the initial configuration. Intriguingly, states belonging to different subspaces do not thermalize with each other even when they have the same energy. Our work sheds light on a subtle aspect of quantum thermalization while experimentally resolving the long-standing tension between thermalization and memory. These results may be applied to control entanglement dynamics in quantum processors and quantum sensors. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011034
Sander M. Vermeulen, Torrey Cullen, Daniel Grass, Ian A. O. MacMillan, Alexander J. Ramirez, Jeffrey Wack, Boris Korzh, Vincent S. H. Lee, Kathryn M. Zurek, Chris Stoughton, Lee McCuller
The gravity from the quantum entanglement of space-time (GQuEST) experiment uses tabletop-scale Michelson laser interferometers to probe for fluctuations in space-time. We present a practicable interferometer design featuring a novel photon-counting readout method that provides unprecedented sensitivity, as it is not subject to the interferometric standard quantum limit. We evaluate the potential of this design to measure space-time fluctuations motivated by recent “geontropic” quantum gravity models. The accelerated accrual of Fisher information offered by the photon-counting readout enables GQuEST to detect the predicted quantum gravity phenomena within measurement times at least 100 times shorter than equivalent conventional interferometers. The GQuEST design, thus, enables a fast and sensitive search for signatures of quantum gravity in a laboratory-scale experiment. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Photon-Counting Interferometry to Detect Geontropic Space-Time Fluctuations with GQuEST","authors":"Sander M. Vermeulen, Torrey Cullen, Daniel Grass, Ian A. O. MacMillan, Alexander J. Ramirez, Jeffrey Wack, Boris Korzh, Vincent S. H. Lee, Kathryn M. Zurek, Chris Stoughton, Lee McCuller","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011034","url":null,"abstract":"The gravity from the quantum entanglement of space-time (GQuEST) experiment uses tabletop-scale Michelson laser interferometers to probe for fluctuations in space-time. We present a practicable interferometer design featuring a novel photon-counting readout method that provides unprecedented sensitivity, as it is not subject to the interferometric standard quantum limit. We evaluate the potential of this design to measure space-time fluctuations motivated by recent “geontropic” quantum gravity models. The accelerated accrual of Fisher information offered by the photon-counting readout enables GQuEST to detect the predicted quantum gravity phenomena within measurement times at least 100 times shorter than equivalent conventional interferometers. The GQuEST design, thus, enables a fast and sensitive search for signatures of quantum gravity in a laboratory-scale experiment. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011033
Christopher J. Butler, Masayuki Murase, Shunki Sawada, Ming-Chun Jiang, Daisuke Hashizume, Guang-Yu Guo, Ryotaro Arita, Tetsuo Hanaguri, Takao Sasagawa
In a multivalley electronic band structure, lifting of the valley degeneracy is associated with rotational symmetry breaking in the electronic fluid and may emerge through spontaneous symmetry breaking order or through a large response to a small external perturbation such as strain. In this work, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate an unexpected rotational symmetry breaking in Landau levels formed in the unusual floating surface band of ZrSiS. We visualize a ubiquitous splitting of Landau levels into valley-polarized sublevels. We demonstrate methods to measure valley-selective Landau level spectroscopy, to infer unknown Landau level indices, and to precisely measure each valley’s Berry phase in a way that is agnostic to the band structure and topology of the system. These techniques allow us to measure each valley’s low-energy dispersion and infer a rigid valley-dependent contribution to the band energies. Ruling out spontaneous symmetry breaking by establishing the sample dependence of this valley splitting, we explain the effect in terms of residual strain. A quantitative estimate indicates that uniaxial strain can be measured to a precision of <0.025%. The extreme valley polarization of the Landau levels results from as little as approximately 0.1% strain, and this suggests avenues for manipulation using deliberate strain engineering. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Valley Polarization of Landau Levels in the ZrSiS Surface Band Driven by Residual Strain","authors":"Christopher J. Butler, Masayuki Murase, Shunki Sawada, Ming-Chun Jiang, Daisuke Hashizume, Guang-Yu Guo, Ryotaro Arita, Tetsuo Hanaguri, Takao Sasagawa","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011033","url":null,"abstract":"In a multivalley electronic band structure, lifting of the valley degeneracy is associated with rotational symmetry breaking in the electronic fluid and may emerge through spontaneous symmetry breaking order or through a large response to a small external perturbation such as strain. In this work, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate an unexpected rotational symmetry breaking in Landau levels formed in the unusual floating surface band of ZrSiS. We visualize a ubiquitous splitting of Landau levels into valley-polarized sublevels. We demonstrate methods to measure valley-selective Landau level spectroscopy, to infer unknown Landau level indices, and to precisely measure each valley’s Berry phase in a way that is agnostic to the band structure and topology of the system. These techniques allow us to measure each valley’s low-energy dispersion and infer a rigid valley-dependent contribution to the band energies. Ruling out spontaneous symmetry breaking by establishing the sample dependence of this valley splitting, we explain the effect in terms of residual strain. A quantitative estimate indicates that uniaxial strain can be measured to a precision of <</a:mo>0.025</a:mn>%</a:mo></a:math>. The extreme valley polarization of the Landau levels results from as little as approximately 0.1% strain, and this suggests avenues for manipulation using deliberate strain engineering. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011032
T. Figgemeier, M. Ünzelmann, P. Eck, J. Schusser, L. Crippa, J. N. Neu, B. Geldiyev, P. Kagerer, J. Buck, M. Kalläne, M. Hoesch, K. Rossnagel, T. Siegrist, L.-K. Lim, R. Moessner, G. Sangiovanni, D. Di Sante, F. Reinert, H. Bentmann
We report the experimental discovery of orbital vortex lines in the three-dimensional (3D) band structure of a topological semimetal. Combining linear and circular dichroism in soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission (SX-ARPES) with first-principles theory, we image the winding of atomic orbital angular momentum, thereby revealing—and determining the location of—lines of vorticity in full 3D momentum space. We determine the core of the orbital angular momentum vortex to host an almost movable, twofold, spin-degenerate Weyl nodal line, a topological feature predicted to occur in certain nonsymmorphic crystals. These results establish bimodal dichroism in SX-ARPES as a robust approach to trace 3D orbital textures. Our findings constitute the first imaging of nontrivial quantum-phase winding at line nodes and may pave the way to new orbitronic phenomena in quantum materials. Published by the American Physical Society2025
{"title":"Imaging Orbital Vortex Lines in Three-Dimensional Momentum Space","authors":"T. Figgemeier, M. Ünzelmann, P. Eck, J. Schusser, L. Crippa, J. N. Neu, B. Geldiyev, P. Kagerer, J. Buck, M. Kalläne, M. Hoesch, K. Rossnagel, T. Siegrist, L.-K. Lim, R. Moessner, G. Sangiovanni, D. Di Sante, F. Reinert, H. Bentmann","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011032","url":null,"abstract":"We report the experimental discovery of orbital vortex lines in the three-dimensional (3D) band structure of a topological semimetal. Combining linear and circular dichroism in soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission (SX-ARPES) with first-principles theory, we image the winding of atomic orbital angular momentum, thereby revealing—and determining the location of—lines of vorticity in full 3D momentum space. We determine the core of the orbital angular momentum vortex to host an almost movable, twofold, spin-degenerate Weyl nodal line, a topological feature predicted to occur in certain nonsymmorphic crystals. These results establish bimodal dichroism in SX-ARPES as a robust approach to trace 3D orbital textures. Our findings constitute the first imaging of nontrivial quantum-phase winding at line nodes and may pave the way to new orbitronic phenomena in quantum materials. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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