Harmonic domain-wall dark pulse generation using unpumped thin-core thulium fiber as interferometer

Abstract

In this work, the harmonic domain-wall dark pulse is experimentally demonstrated in C-band fiber laser. The domain-wall dark pulse was self-started at pump power of 112 mW. The fundamental dark pulse repetition rate was measured as 0.96 MHz, pulse duration of 250 ns and highest average pulse energy of 3.24 nJ. As the power increased, dark pulses up to the 7th harmonic order were visualized and quantified. Pulse temporal width reduced as harmonic order increased, with the minimum pulse width of 60 ns recorded in the 7th order. The harmonic dark pulse fiber laser demonstrated adequate stability, with signal-to-noise ratios above 50 dB throughout all harmonic operations. The endeavor of harmonic dark pulse dark soliton could lay the groundwork for future sustainable industrial growth.