Yellow Wagtails (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) are indicators of steppe and meadow landscapes

E. A. Artemyeva
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Abstract

Levels of nesting site selection were identified: landscape level is related to birds’ choice of landscape with yellow, pink, white, and green aspects. Ecosystem level corresponds to the detection of a water body by birds. The birds detect a station with the necessary vegetation association, where grasses and meadow halophytic associations are the basis of vegetation. The local (point) level is caused by the presence of a necessary host plant, which is a protector of birds’ nests. The main signals for the selection of nesting conditions for yellow wagtails as a reflection of semiotics are (in order): landscape – habitats of predominantly yellow, less frequently pink, white and green aspects; ecosystem – proximity of a water body (river, lake, etc.); statistical – halophytic associations. The following aspects of the nesting habitats are considered: ecosystem – proximity to a water body (river, lake, etc.); statistical – halophytic vegetation and grasses on sandy loam, loamy, solonchak soils suitable for nesting holes; local (point) – presence of host plant to protect the nest. Birds select nesting habitats based on the availability of all available signals, which increases the possibility and success of colony formation. The manifestation of semiotics: yellow wagtails in the nesting habitat tend to lose their visibility and dissolve into the background of the biotope, which is a special adaptation against predator attack.
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黄鹡鸰(Passeriformes, Motacillidae)是草原和草甸景观的指标
鸟类选择筑巢地点的水平被确定为:景观水平与鸟类选择黄色、粉色、白色和绿色景观有关。生态系统水平与鸟类对水体的探测相对应。鸟类会发现一个具有必要植被群落的站点,其中草地和草甸卤化群落是植被的基础。局部(点)水平是由于存在必要的寄主植物,这种植物是鸟巢的保护者。作为符号学的反映,选择黄鹡鸰筑巢条件的主要信号是(按顺序):景观--栖息地以黄色为主,粉色、白色和绿色较少;生态系统--靠近水体(河流、湖泊等);统计--卤叶植物群。筑巢栖息地的考虑因素包括:生态系统--靠近水体(河流、湖泊等);统计--适合筑巢的砂质壤土、壤土、索隆恰克土上的卤代植被和草;当地(点)--有保护巢穴的寄主植物。鸟类根据所有可用信号的可用性选择筑巢栖息地,这增加了鸟群形成的可能性和成功率。符号学的表现:黄鹡鸰在筑巢栖息地往往会失去能见度,溶入生物群落的背景中,这是一种抵御天敌攻击的特殊适应。
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First estimates of Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos and Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres wintering along the coast of Trapani (Sicily, Italy) Yellow Wagtails (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) are indicators of steppe and meadow landscapes Black Kite status in Emilia-Romagna: an update First record of cannibalism by an adult on a chick in the Purple Heron [Nesting of the Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) in the province of Turin]
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