Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Eggshell/CaCO3 Filler Particles: A Review

Waste Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI:10.3390/waste2020010
Anahita Homavand, D. Cree, Lee D. Wilson
{"title":"Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Eggshell/CaCO3 Filler Particles: A Review","authors":"Anahita Homavand, D. Cree, Lee D. Wilson","doi":"10.3390/waste2020010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Statistics reveal that egg production has increased in recent decades. This growth suggests there is a global rise in available eggshell biomass due to the current underutilization of this bio-waste material. A number of different applications for waste eggshells (WEGs) are known, that include their use as an additive in human/animal food, soil amendment, cosmetics, catalyst, sorbent, and filler in polymer composites. In this article, worldwide egg production and leading countries are examined, in addition to a discussion of the various applications of eggshell biomass. Eggshells are a rich supplement of calcium carbonate; therefore, they can be added as a particulate filler to polymer composites. In turn, the addition of a lower-cost filler, such as eggshell or calcium carbonate, can reduce overall material fabrication costs. Polylactic acid (PLA) is currently a high-demand biopolymer, where the fabrication of PLA composites has gained increasing attention due to its eco-friendly properties. In this review, PLA composites that contain calcium carbonate or eggshells are emphasized, and the mechanical properties of the composites (e.g., tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile elastic modulus, flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break) are investigated. The results from this review reveal that the addition of eggshell/calcium carbonate to PLA reduces the tensile and flexural strength of PLA composites, whereas an increase in the tensile and flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break of composites are described herein.","PeriodicalId":513151,"journal":{"name":"Waste","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Waste","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste2020010","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Statistics reveal that egg production has increased in recent decades. This growth suggests there is a global rise in available eggshell biomass due to the current underutilization of this bio-waste material. A number of different applications for waste eggshells (WEGs) are known, that include their use as an additive in human/animal food, soil amendment, cosmetics, catalyst, sorbent, and filler in polymer composites. In this article, worldwide egg production and leading countries are examined, in addition to a discussion of the various applications of eggshell biomass. Eggshells are a rich supplement of calcium carbonate; therefore, they can be added as a particulate filler to polymer composites. In turn, the addition of a lower-cost filler, such as eggshell or calcium carbonate, can reduce overall material fabrication costs. Polylactic acid (PLA) is currently a high-demand biopolymer, where the fabrication of PLA composites has gained increasing attention due to its eco-friendly properties. In this review, PLA composites that contain calcium carbonate or eggshells are emphasized, and the mechanical properties of the composites (e.g., tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile elastic modulus, flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break) are investigated. The results from this review reveal that the addition of eggshell/calcium carbonate to PLA reduces the tensile and flexural strength of PLA composites, whereas an increase in the tensile and flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break of composites are described herein.
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
用蛋壳/CaCO3 填充颗粒增强的聚乳酸复合材料:综述
统计数据显示,近几十年来鸡蛋产量不断增加。这一增长表明,由于目前对这种生物废料的利用不足,全球可用蛋壳生物量有所增加。废蛋壳 (WEG) 有许多不同的用途,包括用作人类/动物食品添加剂、土壤改良剂、化妆品、催化剂、吸附剂和聚合物复合材料填料。本文除了讨论蛋壳生物质的各种应用外,还研究了全球鸡蛋产量和主要国家。蛋壳富含碳酸钙,因此可作为微粒填料添加到聚合物复合材料中。反过来,添加成本较低的填料(如蛋壳或碳酸钙)可降低材料的总体制造成本。聚乳酸(PLA)是目前需求量很大的生物聚合物,由于其环保特性,聚乳酸复合材料的制造越来越受到关注。本综述强调了含有碳酸钙或蛋壳的聚乳酸复合材料,并研究了复合材料的机械性能(如拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸弹性模量、弯曲模量和断裂伸长率 (%))。综述结果表明,在聚乳酸中添加蛋壳/碳酸钙会降低聚乳酸复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,而复合材料的拉伸弹性模量、弯曲弹性模量和断裂伸长率(%)则会增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊最新文献
Collection Efficiency of Cyclone Separators: Comparison between New Machine Learning-Based Models and Semi-Empirical Approaches Waste-Derived Chars: A Comprehensive Review Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Eggshell/CaCO3 Filler Particles: A Review Thermo-Mechano-Chemical Processing of Printed Circuit Boards for Organic Fraction Removal Influence of Recycling Processes on Properties of Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates (FRCA): An Overview
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1