{"title":"Deactivation mechanism for water splitting: Recent advances","authors":"Yansong Jia, Yang Li, Qiong Zhang, Sohail Yasin, Xinyu Zheng, Kai Ma, Zhengli Hua, Jianfeng Shi, Chaohua Gu, Yuhai Dou, Shixue Dou","doi":"10.1002/cey2.528","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) has been regarded as a promising alternative to fossil-fuel energy. Green H<sub>2</sub> produced via water electrolysis (WE) powered by renewable energy could achieve a zero-carbon footprint. Considerable attention has been focused on developing highly active catalysts to facilitate the reaction kinetics and improve the energy efficiency of WE. However, the stability of the electrocatalysts hampers the commercial viability of WE. Few studies have elucidated the origin of catalyst degradation. In this review, we first discuss the WE mechanism, including anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Then, we provide strategies used to enhance the stability of electrocatalysts. After that, the deactivation mechanisms of the typical commercialized HER and OER catalysts, including Pt, Ni, RuO<sub>2</sub>, and IrO<sub>2</sub>, are summarized. Finally, the influence of fluctuating energy on catalyst degradation is highlighted and in situ characterization methodologies for understanding the dynamic deactivation processes are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.528","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Carbon Energy","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cey2.528","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has been regarded as a promising alternative to fossil-fuel energy. Green H2 produced via water electrolysis (WE) powered by renewable energy could achieve a zero-carbon footprint. Considerable attention has been focused on developing highly active catalysts to facilitate the reaction kinetics and improve the energy efficiency of WE. However, the stability of the electrocatalysts hampers the commercial viability of WE. Few studies have elucidated the origin of catalyst degradation. In this review, we first discuss the WE mechanism, including anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Then, we provide strategies used to enhance the stability of electrocatalysts. After that, the deactivation mechanisms of the typical commercialized HER and OER catalysts, including Pt, Ni, RuO2, and IrO2, are summarized. Finally, the influence of fluctuating energy on catalyst degradation is highlighted and in situ characterization methodologies for understanding the dynamic deactivation processes are described.
氢气（H2）一直被视为化石燃料能源的理想替代品。以可再生能源为动力，通过水电解（WE）产生的绿色氢气可实现零碳足迹。人们一直非常关注开发高活性催化剂，以促进水电解反应动力学并提高能源效率。然而，电催化剂的稳定性阻碍了 WE 的商业可行性。很少有研究阐明催化剂降解的原因。在本综述中，我们首先讨论了 WE 的机理，包括阳极氧进化反应 (OER) 和阴极氢进化反应 (HER)。然后，我们提供了用于提高电催化剂稳定性的策略。然后，总结了典型商业化 HER 和 OER 催化剂的失活机理，包括 Pt、Ni、RuO2 和 IrO2。最后，强调了波动能量对催化剂降解的影响，并介绍了了解动态失活过程的原位表征方法。
期刊介绍：
Carbon Energy is an international journal that focuses on cutting-edge energy technology involving carbon utilization and carbon emission control. It provides a platform for researchers to communicate their findings and critical opinions and aims to bring together the communities of advanced material and energy. The journal covers a broad range of energy technologies, including energy storage, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and thermocatalysis. It covers all forms of energy, from conventional electric and thermal energy to those that catalyze chemical and biological transformations. Additionally, Carbon Energy promotes new technologies for controlling carbon emissions and the green production of carbon materials. The journal welcomes innovative interdisciplinary research with wide impact. It is indexed in various databases, including Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection/Database, Biological Science Collection/Database, CAS, DOAJ, Environmental Science Collection/Database, Web of Science and Technology Collection.
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