Peter T Nelson, D. Fardo, Xian Wu, Khine Zin Aung, M. Cykowski, Y. Katsumata
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is detectable at autopsy in more than one-third of people beyond age 85 years and is robustly associated with dementia independent of other pathologies. Although LATE-NC has a large impact on public health, there remain uncertainties about the underlying biologic mechanisms. Here, we review the literature from human studies that may shed light on pathogenetic mechanisms. It is increasingly clear that certain combinations of pathologic changes tend to coexist in aging brains. Although "pure" LATE-NC is not rare, LATE-NC often coexists in the same brains with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change, brain arteriolosclerosis, hippocampal sclerosis of aging, and/or age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG). The patterns of pathologic comorbidities provide circumstantial evidence of mechanistic interactions ("synergies") between the pathologies, and also suggest common upstream influences. As to primary mediators of vulnerability to neuropathologic changes, genetics may play key roles. Genes associated with LATE-NC include TMEM106B, GRN, APOE, SORL1, ABCC9, and others. Although the anatomic distribution of TDP-43 pathology defines the condition, important cofactors for LATE-NC may include Tau pathology, endolysosomal pathways, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. A review of the human phenomenology offers insights into disease-driving mechanisms, and may provide clues for diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology is the official journal of the American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc. (AANP). The journal publishes peer-reviewed studies on neuropathology and experimental neuroscience, book reviews, letters, and Association news, covering a broad spectrum of fields in basic neuroscience with an emphasis on human neurological diseases. It is written by and for neuropathologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, pathologists, psychiatrists, and basic neuroscientists from around the world. Publication has been continuous since 1942.