Assessment of CD4, CD8 and White Cell Parameters Amongst HIV Seronegative Pregnant Subjects in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Solomon Akevwighome, B. Chinko, Sunday Ojeka, Kinikanwo Green, Datonye Dapper
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Abstract

Pregnancy involves maternal immunological adjustments to accommodate the fetus and maintain a strong immune defense against potential pathogens. The present study evaluated the changes in CD4, CD8, white blood cell (WBC) and total lymphocyte count (TLC) amongst HIV seronegative pregnant subjects in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 302 female subjects (18-39 years) were recruited for the study. They consisted of 205 pregnant subjects and 97 non-pregnant subjects which served as the control. All subjects were screened for HIV type 1 and type 2 using standard test kits. Total and differential white blood cell counts were determined using a haematology auto analyzer while the total lymphocyte count (TLC) was obtained by multiplying total white blood cell count (TWC) with percentage lymphocyte count. The CD4 and CD8 cell counts were analyzed using the automated flow cytometry analyzer while the CD4:CD8 cell count ratio was obtained by dividing the CD4 cell count value by that of CD8. The result of the study shows a statistically significant decrease in CD4 and CD8 cell counts, lymphocyte and total lymphocyte counts and an increase in neutrophil count in all the trimesters of pregnancy when compared to the non-pregnant control (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in WBC during the third trimester and a similar decrease in monocyte count in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. The evidence from the present study concludes that pregnancy modifies the maternal immune response to ensure fetal survival and the protection of the mother from invading pathogens as reported in the increase in total WBC, neutrophil and monocyte counts and a reduction in TLC, CD4 and CD8 counts. The study recommends routine assessments of these crucial cellular immune markers for pregnant women during antenatal visits.
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尼日利亚哈科特港艾滋病毒血清阴性孕妇的 CD4、CD8 和白细胞参数评估
怀孕期间,母体需要进行免疫调整,以适应胎儿的生长发育,并保持对潜在病原体的强大免疫防御能力。本研究评估了尼日利亚哈科特港 HIV 血清阴性孕妇的 CD4、CD8、白细胞(WBC)和总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)的变化。研究共招募了 302 名女性受试者(18-39 岁)。其中包括 205 名怀孕受试者和 97 名作为对照的非怀孕受试者。使用标准检测试剂盒对所有受试者进行了艾滋病毒 1 型和 2 型筛查。使用血液自动分析仪测定白细胞总数和差值,而淋巴细胞总数(TLC)则由白细胞总数(TWC)乘以淋巴细胞百分数得出。CD4 和 CD8 细胞计数使用自动流式细胞分析仪进行分析,CD4:CD8 细胞计数比则通过将 CD4 细胞计数值除以 CD8 细胞计数值得出。研究结果表明,与非妊娠对照组相比,妊娠三个月的 CD4 和 CD8 细胞计数、淋巴细胞和总淋巴细胞计数均有显著下降,而中性粒细胞计数则有所增加(P<0.05)。此外,白细胞在妊娠的第三个三个月明显增加,而单核细胞计数在妊娠的第一个和第三个三个月有类似的下降。本研究得出的结论是,妊娠会改变母体的免疫反应,以确保胎儿的存活和保护母亲免受病原体的入侵,正如白细胞总数、中性粒细胞和单核细胞计数增加,TLC、CD4 和 CD8 计数减少所报告的那样。该研究建议孕妇在产前检查时对这些重要的细胞免疫指标进行常规评估。
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