Hygienic aspects of mortality of the population of an industrial city

Abstract

Introduction. The target indicators of the Federal Project “Clean Air” include a reduction in emissions of chemical pollutants by at least 20%. However, the main socially significant goal remains to improve the medical and demographic situation by reducing environmental and hygienic health risks. The purpose of the study was to preliminary assess the reserves for reducing mortality in the city of Omsk by identifying the most unfavourable territories in terms of atmospheric air quality and identify priority chemicals, presumably causing negative trend in mortality. Materials and methods. To assess the quality of atmospheric air in the city of Omsk, the results of social and hygienic monitoring, environmental monitoring of Federal Service of Russia on Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of the Environment (RosGidromet) for the multi-year period over 2009–2022 were used. An analysis of the mortality rate of the population of Omsk for 2017–2022 was carried out. The data were studied in the context of municipal districts of the city of Omsk and in dynamics. Statistical methods were used in the study: ANOVA, correlation analysis, assessment of relative mortality risks. Results. The relative risk (RR) of mortality for persons living in the most polluted areas of the city is 23–25% higher than in conditionally clean areas. Strong positive associations have been established: between the levels of actual total mortality and the specific gravity of atmospheric air samples exceeding the maximum single limit concentrations (R = 0.86; p < 0.05); between perennial average annual carbon monoxide concentrations and standardized rates of total mortality (R = 0.93; p<0.05) and male mortality rates from all natural causes (R = 0.89; p<0.05). Limitations. The study is limited to the statistical research methods used. Conclusion. The results of the study can become the basis for more efficient use of administrative resources in municipal districts of the city. As additional reserves for reducing mortality, the development of primary prevention measures at the outpatient level is important. It is necessary to optimize methodological approaches in the health control system of the population living in risk areas with developed industry.