Occupational prevalence rates in metallurgists in the Sverdlovsk Region

V. Gazimova
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Abstract

Introduction. The previous analysis conducted for 2003–2022 showed ferrous industry employing over twenty five thousand people to make the most contribution to occupational disease incidence rates in the Sverdlovsk Region since 68.6 % of its workers are affected by industrial exposures above occupational safety standards. The purpose of the study was the analysis of occupational disease incidence in workers of a ferrous metal processing plant of the Sverdlovsk Region and assessment of the impact of adverse factors of the work environment and industrial processes on its rates. Materials and methods. Long-term occupational disease incidence in workers of the ferrous metal processing plant has been analyzed by the causative agent, nosology, age, gender, and job. Data of the reporting form No. 1-T (working conditions) for the study period have been scrutinized; comparative data evaluation by working conditions and occupational disease incidence rates has been made. Results. High incidence rates of work-related diseases in the metallurgists indicate to a significant proportion (70 %) of them to be exposed to occupational hazards. The established 20-year rate at the enterprise was 5.6 and 1.6 times higher than the regional and Russian averages in this industry, respectively. Increased gas and dust levels in the workplace air remain the leading health risk factors in ferrous metallurgy. Limitations. The limitation of this study was the lack of annual data on workers by job preventing calculation of job-specific disease incidence rates per 10 thousand workers. Conclusion. Despite the substantial modernization of the metallurgical complex, metal processing technology still does not comply with safety standards, thus requiring the development and implementation of science-based preventive measures aimed at maintaining workers’ health.
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斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区冶金工人的职业发病率
导言。先前进行的 2003-2022 年分析表明,在斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区,拥有超过 2.5 万名员工的黑色金属工 业对职业病发病率的影响最大,因为该行业 68.6%的工人受到高于职业安全标准的工业接触影响。本研究的目的是分析斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区一家黑色金属加工厂工人的职业病发病率,并评估工作环境和工业流程的不利因素对发病率的影响。材料和方法对黑色金属加工厂工人的长期职业病发病率按病原体、病名、年龄、性别和工作进行了分析。对研究期间第 1-T 号报告表(工作条件)的数据进行了仔细检查;并根据工作条件和职业病发病率进行了数据比较评估。研究结果冶金工人的职业病发病率很高,这表明他们中有很大一部分人(70%)受到职业危害。该企业 20 年的既定发病率分别是该地区和俄罗斯该行业平均发病率的 5.6 倍和 1.6 倍。工作场所空气中气体和粉尘含量的增加仍然是黑色冶金行业的主要健康风险因素。局限性。本研究的局限性在于缺乏按工种分列的工人年度数据,因此无法计算每万名工人中特定工种的疾病发病率。结论。尽管冶金综合体实现了大幅现代化,但金属加工技术仍不符合安全标准,因此需要制定和实施科学的预防措施,以维护工人的健康。
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