Evaluating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in adults with sickle cell disease during the Omicron period of COVID-19 pandemic

Kim Abbegail Tan Aldecoa, C. S. Macaraeg, Camelia Arsene, G. Krishnamoorthy, Tiffany Chng, Garrett Cherry, Nabila Chowdhury, Ryan Clark, Dana Deeb, Lisa Deptula, Grey Dietz, Ewomamobuho Eto, Victoria Golston, Landon Lawson, Chioma Mbionwu, Obiefuna Okponyia, Jennifer Orejuela, Thomaidha Qipo, Sumit Raut, Judie Goodman
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Abstract

The Omicron variant, one of the variants causing the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in November 2021 and became the predominant variant in 2022. Although causing less severe disease, this variant and its subvariants have been associated with increased transmissibility and limited protection despite vaccination and prior infection. Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are particularly at greater risk of severe illness and death, and studies regarding the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination have been limited in this population. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination during this period among individuals with SCD and to examine various factors that can influence the likelihood of COVID-19 infection and severity among SCD individuals.This is a retrospective analysis of adult patients (≥18 years) with SCD who had emergency and inpatient encounters between January 1 and December 31, 2022. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine among this population.The study found that COVID-19 vaccination lowered the infection risk among SCD individuals by over 70% if they have received at least one dose of the vaccine. The study also found that individuals with SCD and a history of acute chest syndrome were over 3 times more likely to have a COVID-19 infection diagnosis than those without a history of acute chest syndrome.The study confirms the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine among individuals with SCD during the Omicron period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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评估 COVID-19 疫苗在 COVID-19 大流行的 Omicron 期间对患有镰状细胞病的成人的有效性
Omicron 变体是导致 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的变体之一,于 2021 年 11 月首次发现,并于 2022 年成为主要变体。虽然该变异体及其亚变异体导致的疾病不那么严重,但与传播性增加和保护能力有限有关,尽管接种了疫苗并曾感染过。镰状细胞病(SCD)患者罹患严重疾病和死亡的风险尤其高,而有关 COVID-19 疫苗接种在这一人群中有效性的研究还很有限。本研究旨在确定 SCD 患者在此期间接种 COVID-19 疫苗的效果,并研究影响 SCD 患者感染 COVID-19 的可能性和严重程度的各种因素。这是一项回顾性分析,研究对象为 2022 年 1 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日期间急诊和住院的 SCD 成年患者(≥18 岁)。研究发现,如果 SCD 患者至少接种过一剂 COVID-19 疫苗,那么接种 COVID-19 疫苗可将其感染风险降低 70% 以上。研究还发现,与没有急性胸部综合症病史的人相比,患有 SCD 且有急性胸部综合症病史的人被诊断感染 COVID-19 的可能性要高出 3 倍多。这项研究证实了 COVID-19 疫苗在 COVID-19 大流行的 Omicron 期间对 SCD 患者的有效性。
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