Differences in dissolved organic matter and analysis of influencing factors between plantations pure and mixed forest soils in the loess plateau

Yongxia Meng, Peng Li, Lie Xiao, Bingze Hu, Chaoya Zhang, Shutong Yang, Jialiang Liu, Binhua Zhao
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Abstract

The dissolved organic matter (DOM) in forest ecosystems significantly impacts soil carbon cycling due to its active turnover characteristics. However, whether different plantation forest soil profiles exhibit distinct DOM characteristics remains unclear. Hence, utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy and the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) method, a 1-meter soil profile analysis was carried out on three distinct artificial forests (Pinus tabuliformis (PT), Quercus crispula (QC), and a mixed forest of PT and QC (MF)), concurrently assessing the impact of soil chemical properties and enzyme activity on dissolved organic matter (DOM). The findings indicated that the mean concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was greatest in the MF and lowest in PT, exhibiting considerable variation with soil depth, suggesting that mixed tree species may promote the discharge of organic matter. The fluorescence spectra revealed two distinct peaks: humic-like fluorescence peaks (Peaks A and C) and a protein-like fluorescence peak (Peak T), with the most intense fluorescence observed in MF soil. As the soil depth increased, the fluorescence intensity of Peaks A and C steadily declined, while the intensity of Peak T rose. Four DOM components were identified in three types of plantations forests: surface soil was dominated by humic acid-like fluorescent components (C1 and C2), while the deep soil was primarily characterized by protein-like fluorescence components (C3 and C4). Different soil profile fluorescence parameter indices indicated that the source of DOM in the surface soil (i.e., 0–20 cm) was mainly allochthonous inputs, whereas, in the deep soil (i.e., 60–100 cm), it was mainly autochthonous, such as microbial activity. The findings from the partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) revealed that TP, aP, NH4+-N, and the combined impact of soil enzymes were influential in shaping the diversity of DOM attributes. Put differently, alterations in DOM concentration were concomitantly influenced by forest classification, soil characteristics, and depth. It has been demonstrated that, in contrast to monoculture forests, the establishment of mixed forest models has been more advantageous in enhancing the soil dissolved organic matter (DOM). These discoveries offer innovative perspectives on the dynamic characteristics of DOM in soil profiles and its influencing factors under different plantations forest planting patterns.
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黄土高原人工纯林土壤与混交林土壤溶解有机物的差异及影响因素分析
森林生态系统中的溶解有机物(DOM)因其活跃的周转特性而对土壤碳循环产生重要影响。然而,不同人工林土壤剖面是否表现出不同的溶解有机物特征仍不清楚。因此,利用荧光光谱和平行因子分析(PARAFAC)方法,对三种不同的人工林(Pinus tabuliformis(PT)、Quercus crispula(QC)以及PT和QC混交林(MF))进行了1米土壤剖面分析,同时评估了土壤化学性质和酶活性对溶解有机物(DOM)的影响。研究结果表明,溶解有机碳(DOC)的平均浓度在 MF 中最高,而在 PT 中最低,且随土壤深度变化很大,这表明混交树种可能会促进有机物的排放。荧光光谱显示出两个不同的峰值:腐殖质类荧光峰(A 峰和 C 峰)和蛋白质类荧光峰(T 峰),其中 MF 土壤中的荧光最强。随着土壤深度的增加,A 峰和 C 峰的荧光强度逐渐下降,而 T 峰的荧光强度则逐渐上升。在三种类型的人工林中发现了四种 DOM 成分:表层土壤主要是腐殖酸类荧光成分(C1 和 C2),而深层土壤主要是蛋白质类荧光成分(C3 和 C4)。不同的土壤剖面荧光参数指数表明,表层土壤(即 0-20 厘米)中 DOM 的来源主要是同源输入,而深层土壤(即 60-100 厘米)中 DOM 的来源主要是自源输入,如微生物活动。偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)的研究结果表明,TP、aP、NH4+-N 和土壤酶的综合影响对 DOM 属性多样性的形成具有重要作用。换言之,DOM 浓度的变化同时受到森林分类、土壤特性和深度的影响。研究表明,与单一种植的森林相比,混交林模式的建立在提高土壤溶解有机物(DOM)方面更具优势。这些发现为不同人工林种植模式下土壤剖面中溶解有机物的动态特征及其影响因素提供了新的视角。
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