Amid global carbon reduction and climate action, precise forest carbon storage estimation is crucial for comprehending the carbon cycle. This study forecasts P. kesiya var. langbianensis forests’ 2030 stand carbon storage using data from 81 permanent plots across three Yunnan Province forest surveys and remote sensing. Findings: (1) In 2000, storage ranged from 26 to 38 t·hm−2. Central areas had higher values; southwest and southeast exceeded northwest and northeast. By 2010, storage grew eastward, receded northward. By 2020, east storage declined, southwest rose. (2) GM (1,1) model: posterior difference C 0.001, R2 power function model 0.945, GM (1,1) p value 0.999, power function model p value 0.997. (3) Predictions: Cosivarang border forest’s 2030 carbon stock 2850.804 t·hm−2, up 103.463 t·hm−2 from 2000. At 2022’s certified Emission Reduction carbon price of 60 yuan/ton, 2030’s carbon asset value per unit (t·hm−2) approx. 6207.78 Yuan, compared to 2000. Integrating gray system theory, especially GM (1,1) model, robustly addresses “small data and uncertainty” system challenges. Introducing GM (1,1) gray theory in forestry research offers fresh insight into forest carbon sink dynamics.
{"title":"Application of GM (1,1) to predict the dynamics of stand carbon storage in Pinus Kesiya var. langbianensis natural forests","authors":"Chunxi Gu, Zhenyan Zhou, Chang Liu, Wangfei Zhang, Zhengdao Yang, Wenwu Zhou, Guanglong Ou","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1298804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1298804","url":null,"abstract":"Amid global carbon reduction and climate action, precise forest carbon storage estimation is crucial for comprehending the carbon cycle. This study forecasts P. kesiya var. langbianensis forests’ 2030 stand carbon storage using data from 81 permanent plots across three Yunnan Province forest surveys and remote sensing. Findings: (1) In 2000, storage ranged from 26 to 38 t·hm−2. Central areas had higher values; southwest and southeast exceeded northwest and northeast. By 2010, storage grew eastward, receded northward. By 2020, east storage declined, southwest rose. (2) GM (1,1) model: posterior difference C 0.001, R2 power function model 0.945, GM (1,1) p value 0.999, power function model p value 0.997. (3) Predictions: Cosivarang border forest’s 2030 carbon stock 2850.804 t·hm−2, up 103.463 t·hm−2 from 2000. At 2022’s certified Emission Reduction carbon price of 60 yuan/ton, 2030’s carbon asset value per unit (t·hm−2) approx. 6207.78 Yuan, compared to 2000. Integrating gray system theory, especially GM (1,1) model, robustly addresses “small data and uncertainty” system challenges. Introducing GM (1,1) gray theory in forestry research offers fresh insight into forest carbon sink dynamics.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1336037
Valerie Hsiao, Natalia G. Erazo, Ruth Reef, Catherine Lovelock, Jeff Bowman
Mangroves offer many important ecosystem services including carbon sequestration, serving as nursery grounds to many organisms, and acting as barriers where land and sea converge. Mangroves exhibit environmental flexibility and resilience and frequently occur in nutrient-limited systems. Despite existing research on mangrove microbiomes, the effects of nutrient additions on microbial community structure, composition, and function in intertidal and landward zones of mangrove ecosystems remain unclear. We utilized a long-term nutrient amendment study in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia conducted in two zones, the intertidal fringe and supralittoral scrub forests, dominated by Avicennia marina. Root samples were fractionated into rhizosphere, rhizoplane and endosphere compartments and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine the effects of nutrient stress on community structure and function. Our data showed species richness and evenness were significantly higher in the scrub forest zone. PERMANOVA analysis revealed a significant effect of nutrient enrichment on beta diversity (p = 0.022, R2 = 0.012) in the fringe forest zone only. Cylindrospermopsis, which has been associated with harmful algal blooms, was found to be significantly enriched in fringe phosphate-fertilized plots and nitrogen-fixing Hyphomicrobiales were significantly depleted in the scrub nitrogen-fertilized plots. Meanwhile, root compartments and forest zone had a greater effect on beta diversity (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.186; p = 0.001, R2 = 0.055, respectively) than nutrient enrichment, with a significant interaction between forest zone and root compartment (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.025). This interaction was further observed in the distinct divergence identified in degradative processes of the rhizosphere compartment between the two forest zones. Degradation of aromatic compounds were significantly enriched in the fringe rhizosphere, in contrast to the scrub rhizosphere, where degradation of carbohydrates was most significant. Despite the highly significant effect of forest zone and root compartments, the long-term effect of nutrient enrichment impacted community structure and function, and potentially compromised overall mangrove health and ecosystem stability.
{"title":"Forest zone and root compartments outweigh long-term nutrient enrichment in structuring arid mangrove root microbiomes","authors":"Valerie Hsiao, Natalia G. Erazo, Ruth Reef, Catherine Lovelock, Jeff Bowman","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1336037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1336037","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves offer many important ecosystem services including carbon sequestration, serving as nursery grounds to many organisms, and acting as barriers where land and sea converge. Mangroves exhibit environmental flexibility and resilience and frequently occur in nutrient-limited systems. Despite existing research on mangrove microbiomes, the effects of nutrient additions on microbial community structure, composition, and function in intertidal and landward zones of mangrove ecosystems remain unclear. We utilized a long-term nutrient amendment study in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia conducted in two zones, the intertidal fringe and supralittoral scrub forests, dominated by Avicennia marina. Root samples were fractionated into rhizosphere, rhizoplane and endosphere compartments and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine the effects of nutrient stress on community structure and function. Our data showed species richness and evenness were significantly higher in the scrub forest zone. PERMANOVA analysis revealed a significant effect of nutrient enrichment on beta diversity (p = 0.022, R2 = 0.012) in the fringe forest zone only. Cylindrospermopsis, which has been associated with harmful algal blooms, was found to be significantly enriched in fringe phosphate-fertilized plots and nitrogen-fixing Hyphomicrobiales were significantly depleted in the scrub nitrogen-fertilized plots. Meanwhile, root compartments and forest zone had a greater effect on beta diversity (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.186; p = 0.001, R2 = 0.055, respectively) than nutrient enrichment, with a significant interaction between forest zone and root compartment (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.025). This interaction was further observed in the distinct divergence identified in degradative processes of the rhizosphere compartment between the two forest zones. Degradation of aromatic compounds were significantly enriched in the fringe rhizosphere, in contrast to the scrub rhizosphere, where degradation of carbohydrates was most significant. Despite the highly significant effect of forest zone and root compartments, the long-term effect of nutrient enrichment impacted community structure and function, and potentially compromised overall mangrove health and ecosystem stability.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1369464
Daniel Provazník, Jan Stejskal, Ole Kim Hansen, Jaroslav Čepl, Eva Roland Erichsen, Jon Kehlet Hansen, Dagmar Zádrapová, Ivana Tomášková
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is becoming one of the go-to species in reconstructing declining conifer stands in Europe under climate change. Assisted migration may be considered when looking for suitable beech seedlings. Knowledge about the photosynthetic performance of beech seedlings is fundamental to understanding an essential part of their growth and survival potential in different planting conditions. We investigated the within-provenance variation in photosynthetic performance driven by altitude in contrast to inter-provenance variation given by geographical distance. The experiment was conducted on seedlings replanted in a Danish common garden comprising a cluster of provenances with various altitudinal subgroups transplanted from the Calabria region (Italy) and two local Danish provenances. Provenance and within-provenance variation in chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) kinetics, gas exchange (GE), flushing, and senescence were assessed. ChlF measurements revealed within-provenance differences based on altitude of origin and could distinguish between the two Danish provenances. In contrast, GE parameters detected variation in the geographical distance among Italian provenances. High-elevation subgroups of Italian provenances showed the best leaf-level photosynthetic performance in Danish weather conditions with high precipitation levels. Altitude of origin can be a significant source of within-provenance variation. We demonstrated that assessing this variation in young trees may be instrumental in maximizing the potential of provenance variation across diverse planting sites.
{"title":"Addressing the altitudinal and geographical gradient in European beech via photosynthetic parameters: a case study on Calabrian beech transplanted to Denmark","authors":"Daniel Provazník, Jan Stejskal, Ole Kim Hansen, Jaroslav Čepl, Eva Roland Erichsen, Jon Kehlet Hansen, Dagmar Zádrapová, Ivana Tomášková","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1369464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1369464","url":null,"abstract":"European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is becoming one of the go-to species in reconstructing declining conifer stands in Europe under climate change. Assisted migration may be considered when looking for suitable beech seedlings. Knowledge about the photosynthetic performance of beech seedlings is fundamental to understanding an essential part of their growth and survival potential in different planting conditions. We investigated the within-provenance variation in photosynthetic performance driven by altitude in contrast to inter-provenance variation given by geographical distance. The experiment was conducted on seedlings replanted in a Danish common garden comprising a cluster of provenances with various altitudinal subgroups transplanted from the Calabria region (Italy) and two local Danish provenances. Provenance and within-provenance variation in chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) kinetics, gas exchange (GE), flushing, and senescence were assessed. ChlF measurements revealed within-provenance differences based on altitude of origin and could distinguish between the two Danish provenances. In contrast, GE parameters detected variation in the geographical distance among Italian provenances. High-elevation subgroups of Italian provenances showed the best leaf-level photosynthetic performance in Danish weather conditions with high precipitation levels. Altitude of origin can be a significant source of within-provenance variation. We demonstrated that assessing this variation in young trees may be instrumental in maximizing the potential of provenance variation across diverse planting sites.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"56 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293366
Lifeng Li, Liu Wenai, Wang Mo, Shuangjiao Cai, Liu Fuqin, Xiaoling Xu, Yancheng Tao, Yunhong Xue, Weiguo Jiang
Mangroves are an important component of coastal ecosystems, and determining the spatial dispersion of prevalent mangrove species and the most suitable land-use source for mangrove growth is of great importance for judicious restoration and effective conservation approaches. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are well suited for this task; however, the default parameterization such models for distribution prediction has limitations and may produce results with low accuracy, requiring elucidation of useful parameter settings. Further, a focus on predicting only the mangrove distribution is insufficient for mangrove restoration, and clarification of suitable habitats is required. Here, we examined the geographical distribution of six mangrove species in Beihai, China (Aricennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Acanthus ilicifolius).We used the ENMTools tool to select 16 variables from environmental factors, including bioclimate, terrain, sediment type, land-use classification, and sea-surface salinity and temperature. Using the selected variables and mangrove distribution data, a MaxEnt model optimized using the “kuenm” package in R was used to establish a mangrove prediction distribution model for Beihai City. Transition analyses of land-use types within suitable zones further clarified their current and potential functional roles.The spatial occurrences of A. marina, A. corniculatum, and K. obovata were strongly driven by topographical features, those of R. stylosa and B. gymnorrhiza mostly depended on bioclimatic variables, and that of A. ilicifolius was driven mostly by edaphic conditions, notably the substrate type. The predicted optimal suitable area for mangrove growth in Beihai City was 50.76 km2, of which 55.04% are currently officially protected. Unprotected areas suitable for mangrove growth were mainly located in Lianzhou Bay, Tieshangang Bay, Dafengjiang, and Xicun Port. The majority of these regions were derived from land-use transitions from wetlands and aquaculture ponds to forested ecosystems. We suggest that careful development of selected wetland ecosystems and transmutation of aquaculture ponds into forested landscapes are crucial for effective mangrove restoration. Our results will assist in selecting suitable species for mangrove restoration sites and improving mangrove restoration efficiency.
红树林是沿海生态系统的重要组成部分，确定流行红树林物种的空间分布以及最适合红树林生长的土地利用来源，对于明智地恢复和有效地保护红树林具有重要意义。最大熵（MaxEnt）模型非常适合这一任务；然而，此类模型用于分布预测的默认参数设置有其局限性，可能会产生准确度较低的结果，因此需要阐明有用的参数设置。此外，只预测红树林的分布不足以恢复红树林，还需要明确合适的栖息地。在此，我们研究了中国北海六种红树林物种（Aricennia marina、Aegiceras corniculatum、Kandelia obovata、Rhizophora stylosa、Bruguiera gymnorrhiza 和 Acanthus ilicifolius）的地理分布。利用所选变量和红树林分布数据，使用 R 软件包 "kuenm "优化 MaxEnt 模型，建立北海市红树林预测分布模型。A.marina、A.corniculatum 和 K. obovata 的空间分布主要受地形特征的影响，R. stylosa 和 B. gymnorrhiza 的空间分布主要取决于生物气候变量，A. ilicifolius 的空间分布主要受环境条件（尤其是基质类型）的影响。据预测，北海市最适宜红树林生长的区域面积为 50.76 平方公里，其中 55.04% 目前处于官方保护区。适合红树林生长的非保护区主要位于廉州湾、铁山港湾、大风江和西村港。这些区域大多是从湿地和水产养殖池塘到森林生态系统的土地利用过渡区。我们建议，精心开发选定的湿地生态系统，并将水产养殖池塘转变为森林景观，是有效恢复红树林的关键。我们的研究结果将有助于为红树林恢复地点选择合适的物种，并提高红树林恢复的效率。
{"title":"Analysis of mangrove distribution and suitable habitat in Beihai, China, using optimized MaxEnt modeling: improving mangrove restoration efficiency","authors":"Lifeng Li, Liu Wenai, Wang Mo, Shuangjiao Cai, Liu Fuqin, Xiaoling Xu, Yancheng Tao, Yunhong Xue, Weiguo Jiang","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293366","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are an important component of coastal ecosystems, and determining the spatial dispersion of prevalent mangrove species and the most suitable land-use source for mangrove growth is of great importance for judicious restoration and effective conservation approaches. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are well suited for this task; however, the default parameterization such models for distribution prediction has limitations and may produce results with low accuracy, requiring elucidation of useful parameter settings. Further, a focus on predicting only the mangrove distribution is insufficient for mangrove restoration, and clarification of suitable habitats is required. Here, we examined the geographical distribution of six mangrove species in Beihai, China (Aricennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Acanthus ilicifolius).We used the ENMTools tool to select 16 variables from environmental factors, including bioclimate, terrain, sediment type, land-use classification, and sea-surface salinity and temperature. Using the selected variables and mangrove distribution data, a MaxEnt model optimized using the “kuenm” package in R was used to establish a mangrove prediction distribution model for Beihai City. Transition analyses of land-use types within suitable zones further clarified their current and potential functional roles.The spatial occurrences of A. marina, A. corniculatum, and K. obovata were strongly driven by topographical features, those of R. stylosa and B. gymnorrhiza mostly depended on bioclimatic variables, and that of A. ilicifolius was driven mostly by edaphic conditions, notably the substrate type. The predicted optimal suitable area for mangrove growth in Beihai City was 50.76 km2, of which 55.04% are currently officially protected. Unprotected areas suitable for mangrove growth were mainly located in Lianzhou Bay, Tieshangang Bay, Dafengjiang, and Xicun Port. The majority of these regions were derived from land-use transitions from wetlands and aquaculture ponds to forested ecosystems. We suggest that careful development of selected wetland ecosystems and transmutation of aquaculture ponds into forested landscapes are crucial for effective mangrove restoration. Our results will assist in selecting suitable species for mangrove restoration sites and improving mangrove restoration efficiency.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"56 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1215051
J. Field, D. Law, Orrin B. Myers, Mallory L. Barnes, D. Breshears, Kierstin M. Acuña, Xiao Feng, J.B. Fontaine, K. Ruthrof, J. C. Villegas
Mortality of tree species around the globe is increasingly driven by hotter drought and heat waves. Tree juveniles are at risk, as well as adults, and this will have a negative effect on forest dynamics and structure under climate change. Novel management options are urgently needed to reduce this mortality and positively affect forest dynamics and structure. Potential drought-ameliorating soil amendments such as nanochitosan – a biopolymer upcycled from byproducts of the seafood industry – may provide an additional set of useful tools for reducing juvenile mortality during hotter droughts. Nanochitosan promotes water and nutrient absorption in plants but has not been tested in the context of drought and heat stress. We evaluated factors affecting mortality risk and rate for dryland Pinus edulis juveniles (2–3 years old) in a growth chamber using a factorial experiment that included ambient and +4°C warmer base temperatures, with and without a 10 day +8°C heat wave, and with and without a nanochitosan soil amendment. The nanochitosan treatment reduced the relative risk of mortality, emphasizing a protective function of this soil amendment, reducing the relative risk of mortality by 37%. Importantly, the protective effects of nanochitosan soil amendment in delaying tree mortality under hotter drought and heat waves provides a new, potentially positive management treatment for tree juveniles trying to survive in the climate of the Anthropocene.
{"title":"Soil amendment mitigates mortality from drought and heat waves in dryland tree juveniles","authors":"J. Field, D. Law, Orrin B. Myers, Mallory L. Barnes, D. Breshears, Kierstin M. Acuña, Xiao Feng, J.B. Fontaine, K. Ruthrof, J. C. Villegas","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1215051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1215051","url":null,"abstract":"Mortality of tree species around the globe is increasingly driven by hotter drought and heat waves. Tree juveniles are at risk, as well as adults, and this will have a negative effect on forest dynamics and structure under climate change. Novel management options are urgently needed to reduce this mortality and positively affect forest dynamics and structure. Potential drought-ameliorating soil amendments such as nanochitosan – a biopolymer upcycled from byproducts of the seafood industry – may provide an additional set of useful tools for reducing juvenile mortality during hotter droughts. Nanochitosan promotes water and nutrient absorption in plants but has not been tested in the context of drought and heat stress. We evaluated factors affecting mortality risk and rate for dryland Pinus edulis juveniles (2–3 years old) in a growth chamber using a factorial experiment that included ambient and +4°C warmer base temperatures, with and without a 10 day +8°C heat wave, and with and without a nanochitosan soil amendment. The nanochitosan treatment reduced the relative risk of mortality, emphasizing a protective function of this soil amendment, reducing the relative risk of mortality by 37%. Importantly, the protective effects of nanochitosan soil amendment in delaying tree mortality under hotter drought and heat waves provides a new, potentially positive management treatment for tree juveniles trying to survive in the climate of the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woodfuel production and consumption have been a concern for multiple stakeholders involved in household energy use, deforestation, and climate change. While research into the underlying decision-making process is growing, it remains insufficient. Such a study offers opportunities to develop policies that enable diversification of household energy consumption and livelihood options away from woodfuel use. Policymakers often lack an understanding of factors correlated with households' participation in woodfuel production. Therefore, this study examined the correlation between household participation in woodfuel production and factors that influence households' participation in woodfuel production in dryland areas of Ethiopia. Data were collected from 1,114 purposively selected woodfuel-producing and non-producing households through household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The sample included 775 participant households and 339 non-participant households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. The results revealed that drought and related shocks are the main factors that forced households to participate in woodfuel production. The model results indicated that age, education, landholding, livestock holding, production asset value, ownership of improved cook stoves, number of years lived in the area, distance from the forest, access to forest extension, and institutional membership are statistically significant factors that negatively influence household participation in woodfuel production. On the other hand, household expenditure and drought occurrence positively and significantly influence the participation of households in woodfuel production. The findings of the study suggest that sustainable management and utilization of dryland forest resources require considering socioeconomic, demographic, institutional, and environmental factors correlated with households' decisions to participate in woodfuel production. This can be achieved through sound institutional setups and policy frameworks in the sector.
{"title":"Correlation of woodfuel production participation among rural households in the drylands of Ethiopia","authors":"Gonche Girma, A. Shimeles, Tensaye Abate, Deginet Berhanu, Asabeneh Alemayehu, Azmera Belachew","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1162114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1162114","url":null,"abstract":"Woodfuel production and consumption have been a concern for multiple stakeholders involved in household energy use, deforestation, and climate change. While research into the underlying decision-making process is growing, it remains insufficient. Such a study offers opportunities to develop policies that enable diversification of household energy consumption and livelihood options away from woodfuel use. Policymakers often lack an understanding of factors correlated with households' participation in woodfuel production. Therefore, this study examined the correlation between household participation in woodfuel production and factors that influence households' participation in woodfuel production in dryland areas of Ethiopia. Data were collected from 1,114 purposively selected woodfuel-producing and non-producing households through household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The sample included 775 participant households and 339 non-participant households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. The results revealed that drought and related shocks are the main factors that forced households to participate in woodfuel production. The model results indicated that age, education, landholding, livestock holding, production asset value, ownership of improved cook stoves, number of years lived in the area, distance from the forest, access to forest extension, and institutional membership are statistically significant factors that negatively influence household participation in woodfuel production. On the other hand, household expenditure and drought occurrence positively and significantly influence the participation of households in woodfuel production. The findings of the study suggest that sustainable management and utilization of dryland forest resources require considering socioeconomic, demographic, institutional, and environmental factors correlated with households' decisions to participate in woodfuel production. This can be achieved through sound institutional setups and policy frameworks in the sector.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1419813
Sean M. P. Cahoon, Colin T. Maher, Daniel J. Crawford, Patrick F. Sullivan
Alaska’s boreal forests are experiencing rapid changes in climate that may favor deciduous-dominated systems, with important implications for global biogeochemical and energy cycles. However, aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has experienced substantial defoliation from the aspen leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella Cham., hereafter ALM) in Alaska, resulting in significant growth reductions. We conducted a tree-ring and Δ13C study to test the hypothesis that moisture limitation may have predisposed aspen to leaf miner damage. Contrary to our hypothesis, differences in climate-growth correlations between relatively severely and lightly affected trees were negligible during the pre-outbreak decades. Stands with greater summer precipitation had more limited ALM impact, however differences among models were small and multiple climate variables were suitable predictors of ALM impact. The strong negative relationship we detected between tree-ring Δ13C and basal area increment (BAI) suggested that interannual variation in Δ13C was driven primarily by variation in photosynthesis, limiting the utility of Δ13C as a tool to detect stomatal responses to moisture-limitation. Instead, we found that larger, faster-growing individuals on gentler slopes showed a stronger absolute reduction in BAI (pre-ALM BAI−post-ALM BAI), but were similar in relative BAI reduction (pre-ALM BAI/post-ALM BAI), with smaller, slower growing trees. Older trees and stands with greater relative abundance of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] had greater relative ALM impact whereas slower growing trees on steeper slopes were less affected. The significant effect of white spruce abundance on ALM impact was likely due to favorable leaf miner overwintering habitat provided beneath white spruce trees, which can lead to increased leaf miner survival and thus greater reductions in aspen growth. Our results illustrate the subtle but complex biotic interaction between microclimate and pest physiology in determining ALM-induced aspen growth reductions, adding important nuance to a hypothesized increase in deciduous tree cover in Alaska’s boreal forest.
{"title":"White spruce presence increases leaf miner effects on aspen growth in interior Alaska","authors":"Sean M. P. Cahoon, Colin T. Maher, Daniel J. Crawford, Patrick F. Sullivan","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1419813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1419813","url":null,"abstract":"Alaska’s boreal forests are experiencing rapid changes in climate that may favor deciduous-dominated systems, with important implications for global biogeochemical and energy cycles. However, aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has experienced substantial defoliation from the aspen leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella Cham., hereafter ALM) in Alaska, resulting in significant growth reductions. We conducted a tree-ring and Δ13C study to test the hypothesis that moisture limitation may have predisposed aspen to leaf miner damage. Contrary to our hypothesis, differences in climate-growth correlations between relatively severely and lightly affected trees were negligible during the pre-outbreak decades. Stands with greater summer precipitation had more limited ALM impact, however differences among models were small and multiple climate variables were suitable predictors of ALM impact. The strong negative relationship we detected between tree-ring Δ13C and basal area increment (BAI) suggested that interannual variation in Δ13C was driven primarily by variation in photosynthesis, limiting the utility of Δ13C as a tool to detect stomatal responses to moisture-limitation. Instead, we found that larger, faster-growing individuals on gentler slopes showed a stronger absolute reduction in BAI (pre-ALM BAI−post-ALM BAI), but were similar in relative BAI reduction (pre-ALM BAI/post-ALM BAI), with smaller, slower growing trees. Older trees and stands with greater relative abundance of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] had greater relative ALM impact whereas slower growing trees on steeper slopes were less affected. The significant effect of white spruce abundance on ALM impact was likely due to favorable leaf miner overwintering habitat provided beneath white spruce trees, which can lead to increased leaf miner survival and thus greater reductions in aspen growth. Our results illustrate the subtle but complex biotic interaction between microclimate and pest physiology in determining ALM-induced aspen growth reductions, adding important nuance to a hypothesized increase in deciduous tree cover in Alaska’s boreal forest.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1349057
Jinrui Lei, Le Zhang, Zongzhu Chen, Tingtian Wu, Xiaohua Chen, Yuanling Li
As a fundamental element of global carbon storage, the storage carbon in terrestrial ecosystem is significant for climate change mitigation. Land use/cover change (LUCC) is a main impact element of ecosystems’ carbon storage. Evaluating the relation between land use change and carbon storage is vital for lowering global carbon emissions. Taking Hainan Island as an example, this paper employs the InVEST as well as the CA-Markov models to assess and predict how different land use affects carbon storage in various situations from 2000 to 2020 and from 2030 to 2050 on Hainan Island. The influence factors, together with driving mechanisms of carbon storage spatial distribution are quantitatively analyzed as well in this paper. The results demonstrate that, from 2000 to 2020, Hainan Island’s net increase in built land was 605.49 km2, representing a growth rate of 77.05%. Over the last 20 years, Hainan Island’s carbon storage and density have decreased by 5.90 Tg and 1.75 Mg/hm2, respectively. The sharp rise in built land mainly makes the carbon storage decline. From 2030 to 2050, land use changes on Hainan Island are expected to result in differing degrees of carbon storage loss in various scenarios. In 2050, Hainan Island’s carbon storage will decline by 17.36 Tg in the Natural Development Scenario (NDS), 13.61 Tg in the Farmland Protection Scenario (FPS), and 8.06 Tg in the Ecological Protection Scenario (EPS) compared to 2020. The EPS can efficiently maintain carbon sequestration capability, but it cannot effectively prevent cropland area loss. Regarding the carbon storage’s spatial distribution, Hainan Island generally exhibits a pattern of high carbon storages in the low and middle carbon storages in the surrounding areas. Areas with high value are primarily located in Hainan Island’s central and southern mountainous areas, whereas areas with low value are primarily located in surrounding areas with lower elevations, primarily encompassing built land and cropland. Geographic detection presented the spatial differentiation of carbon storage in Hainan Island is mainly influenced by factors like slope, land use intensity, and DEM, as well as its interaction with other factors is significantly strengthened (p < 0.05). Under the strategic framework of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goal and the national ecological civilization pilot zone, it is imperative to carefully consider scenarios for ecological protection and farmland protection, adopt ecological regulation models with spatial differentiation, and implement land use policies to improve ecosystem stability, which will contribute to carbon storage loss reduction and ensure food and ecological security.
{"title":"The impact of land use change on carbon storage and multi-scenario prediction in Hainan Island using InVEST and CA-Markov models","authors":"Jinrui Lei, Le Zhang, Zongzhu Chen, Tingtian Wu, Xiaohua Chen, Yuanling Li","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1349057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1349057","url":null,"abstract":"As a fundamental element of global carbon storage, the storage carbon in terrestrial ecosystem is significant for climate change mitigation. Land use/cover change (LUCC) is a main impact element of ecosystems’ carbon storage. Evaluating the relation between land use change and carbon storage is vital for lowering global carbon emissions. Taking Hainan Island as an example, this paper employs the InVEST as well as the CA-Markov models to assess and predict how different land use affects carbon storage in various situations from 2000 to 2020 and from 2030 to 2050 on Hainan Island. The influence factors, together with driving mechanisms of carbon storage spatial distribution are quantitatively analyzed as well in this paper. The results demonstrate that, from 2000 to 2020, Hainan Island’s net increase in built land was 605.49 km2, representing a growth rate of 77.05%. Over the last 20 years, Hainan Island’s carbon storage and density have decreased by 5.90 Tg and 1.75 Mg/hm2, respectively. The sharp rise in built land mainly makes the carbon storage decline. From 2030 to 2050, land use changes on Hainan Island are expected to result in differing degrees of carbon storage loss in various scenarios. In 2050, Hainan Island’s carbon storage will decline by 17.36 Tg in the Natural Development Scenario (NDS), 13.61 Tg in the Farmland Protection Scenario (FPS), and 8.06 Tg in the Ecological Protection Scenario (EPS) compared to 2020. The EPS can efficiently maintain carbon sequestration capability, but it cannot effectively prevent cropland area loss. Regarding the carbon storage’s spatial distribution, Hainan Island generally exhibits a pattern of high carbon storages in the low and middle carbon storages in the surrounding areas. Areas with high value are primarily located in Hainan Island’s central and southern mountainous areas, whereas areas with low value are primarily located in surrounding areas with lower elevations, primarily encompassing built land and cropland. Geographic detection presented the spatial differentiation of carbon storage in Hainan Island is mainly influenced by factors like slope, land use intensity, and DEM, as well as its interaction with other factors is significantly strengthened (p < 0.05). Under the strategic framework of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goal and the national ecological civilization pilot zone, it is imperative to carefully consider scenarios for ecological protection and farmland protection, adopt ecological regulation models with spatial differentiation, and implement land use policies to improve ecosystem stability, which will contribute to carbon storage loss reduction and ensure food and ecological security.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1411297
Jianshuang Gao, Chaofeng Yang, Shunyao Zhuang, R. Gui
Phyllostachys praecox is a shallow-rooted bamboo that often encounters hypoxia conditions which could be induced by long-term organic material mulching or flooding. It is important to uncover the effect of mulching and flooding on soil nutrient, ammonia-oxidizing microbes, and bacterial diversity. We set up field pot experiments with three treatments (control, mulching, and flooding) under P. praecox. Mulching or flooding altered soil conditions significantly, and both increased ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), available P (AP), and available potassium (AK) concentrations, and decreased oxygen (O2) concentrations over control. Flooding increased pH and decreased nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N), while mulching decreased soil pH and NO3−-N. As O2 content decreased, archaeal 16S rRNA, amoA gene copies of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased. Mulching and flooding decreased Shannon, ACE and Chao 1 diversity when compared with the control, and as the O2 contents decreased, bacterial diversity decreased. Redundancy Analysis revealed O2, NO3−-N, AK, AP, and pH were the major factors driving bacterial community structure. Correlation Analysis showed AK and O2 contents were highly correlated with bacterial community structure. In addition, structural equation modeling indicated that O2 facilitated efficient soil N use mainly through soil pH, AK content, and bacterial diversity. Mulching or flooding exerted great effects on environment factor and bacterial community structure, which could be exploited to facilitate the regulation of soil O2 conditions for sustainable P. praecox production.
{"title":"Effects of mulching and flooding on soil nutrients and bacterial community structure under Phyllostachys praecox","authors":"Jianshuang Gao, Chaofeng Yang, Shunyao Zhuang, R. Gui","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1411297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1411297","url":null,"abstract":"Phyllostachys praecox is a shallow-rooted bamboo that often encounters hypoxia conditions which could be induced by long-term organic material mulching or flooding. It is important to uncover the effect of mulching and flooding on soil nutrient, ammonia-oxidizing microbes, and bacterial diversity. We set up field pot experiments with three treatments (control, mulching, and flooding) under P. praecox. Mulching or flooding altered soil conditions significantly, and both increased ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), available P (AP), and available potassium (AK) concentrations, and decreased oxygen (O2) concentrations over control. Flooding increased pH and decreased nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N), while mulching decreased soil pH and NO3−-N. As O2 content decreased, archaeal 16S rRNA, amoA gene copies of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased. Mulching and flooding decreased Shannon, ACE and Chao 1 diversity when compared with the control, and as the O2 contents decreased, bacterial diversity decreased. Redundancy Analysis revealed O2, NO3−-N, AK, AP, and pH were the major factors driving bacterial community structure. Correlation Analysis showed AK and O2 contents were highly correlated with bacterial community structure. In addition, structural equation modeling indicated that O2 facilitated efficient soil N use mainly through soil pH, AK content, and bacterial diversity. Mulching or flooding exerted great effects on environment factor and bacterial community structure, which could be exploited to facilitate the regulation of soil O2 conditions for sustainable P. praecox production.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"197 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1359361
Zhangting Chen, Qiaoyu Li, Zhaokun Jiang, Pengbo Yan, Muhammad Arif
Investigating functional traits among mountain species with differing altitude requirements is integral to effective conservation practices. Our study aims to investigate the structural and chemical characteristics of Daphniphyllum macropodum leaves at three altitudes (1100 m, 1300 m, and 1500 m) across southern China to provide insight into changes in leaf functional traits (LFT) as well as plant adaptations in response to changing environmental conditions. Leaf structural characteristics include leaf thickness (LT), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf tissue density (LD), respectively, while chemical properties include carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (C:N:P) contents and ratios, such as C/N, C/P, and N/P. Our findings demonstrated the significant effect of altitude on both structural (LT, SLA, LD) and chemical aspects (N, C/N, N/P) of LFT. In particular, leaves at 1100 and 1300 m differed greatly, with 1300 m having lower SLA values than 1100 m. Observable trends included an initial increase followed by a decline as the altitude rose. Notable among them were the LT, LD, N, and N/P values at both locations. Traits at 1300 m were significantly higher than at 1100 m; SLA and C/N values displayed an inverse trend, with their lowest values occurring at 1300 m. Furthermore, this research demonstrated various degrees of variation among LFT, with structural traits exhibiting greater fluctuation than chemical traits. Robust correlations were observed among certain traits, such as LT, LD, and SLA. Furthermore, the interdependency relationships between N and C/N, as well as P and C/P, demonstrated interconnectedness. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil factors, specifically P content, exerted the strongest impact on LFT. At 1100 m, D. macropodum employed acquisition strategies; however, at 1300 m, conservation strategies emerged, showing a shift from acquisition strategies at lower altitudes to conservative strategies at higher ones.
{"title":"Leaf functional traits of Daphniphyllum macropodum across different altitudes in Mao’er Mountain in Southern China","authors":"Zhangting Chen, Qiaoyu Li, Zhaokun Jiang, Pengbo Yan, Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1359361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1359361","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating functional traits among mountain species with differing altitude requirements is integral to effective conservation practices. Our study aims to investigate the structural and chemical characteristics of Daphniphyllum macropodum leaves at three altitudes (1100 m, 1300 m, and 1500 m) across southern China to provide insight into changes in leaf functional traits (LFT) as well as plant adaptations in response to changing environmental conditions. Leaf structural characteristics include leaf thickness (LT), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf tissue density (LD), respectively, while chemical properties include carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (C:N:P) contents and ratios, such as C/N, C/P, and N/P. Our findings demonstrated the significant effect of altitude on both structural (LT, SLA, LD) and chemical aspects (N, C/N, N/P) of LFT. In particular, leaves at 1100 and 1300 m differed greatly, with 1300 m having lower SLA values than 1100 m. Observable trends included an initial increase followed by a decline as the altitude rose. Notable among them were the LT, LD, N, and N/P values at both locations. Traits at 1300 m were significantly higher than at 1100 m; SLA and C/N values displayed an inverse trend, with their lowest values occurring at 1300 m. Furthermore, this research demonstrated various degrees of variation among LFT, with structural traits exhibiting greater fluctuation than chemical traits. Robust correlations were observed among certain traits, such as LT, LD, and SLA. Furthermore, the interdependency relationships between N and C/N, as well as P and C/P, demonstrated interconnectedness. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil factors, specifically P content, exerted the strongest impact on LFT. At 1100 m, D. macropodum employed acquisition strategies; however, at 1300 m, conservation strategies emerged, showing a shift from acquisition strategies at lower altitudes to conservative strategies at higher ones.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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