ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SPECIALISED METABOLITES OF SOIL STREPTOMYCETES-CHITINOLYTIC

Abstract

One hundred and f f y strains of streptomycetes were isolated from grey and dark grey forest soils, as well as from typical chernozem. T e isolated strains were analyzed in Vitro for antimicrobial activity on nutrient media and in grey forest soil against twenty-three collection pathogenic test cultures of fungi and bacteria. Four biologically active isolates with a wide spectrum of action were identif ed and deposited in the All-Russian Collection of industrial microorganisms of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. T ey were identif ed and deposited under the following numbers : Streptomyces xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ас-2204, Streptomyces anulatus TG ВКПМ Ас-2203, Streptomyces sindenensis TK ВКПМ Ас-2205, Streptomyces f avovirens TT ВКПМ АС-2202. A study of the ef ect of presowing treatment of wheat seeds by the 15-day cultural liquids of the strains S. xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ac-2204, S. anulatus TG ВКПМ Ac-2203, S. sindenensis TK ВКПМ Ac-2205 on germination rates and infection with F. graminearum revealed that they inhibited the growth of a pathogenic fungus. Besides, they improved seed vigour and germination of wheat. T e resulting strains of soil actinomycetes can be used in biotechnology with an aim to create the new bioinoculants when dealing with phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. T e strains can also be used for stimulating the plant growth, as well as for soil bioremediation in organic farming. T rough the application of the HPLC method, specialized antimicrobial metabolites of monosporic strain sus-pensions were identif ed. T e identif ed antibiotics are N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide, 1-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol, 2-[(3S)-1-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile, Cyclo(leucylprolyl), Cyclo(phenylalanyl-prolyl). T e identif ed antiseptics are Cetrimonium and Carvone. T e identif ed phytohormone is auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Observation of the dynamics of development of introduced actinobacteria under study in soil samples showed high activity of streptomycetes that use chitin. Analysis of the diversity of the prokaryotic complex of the studied soil samples with the application of the high-throughput sequencing of the conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene method revealed during the introduction of S. xiamenensis TB ВКПМ Ac-2204 that its controlling role in the microbial community is due to its antibiotic-forming activity.