Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-119-135
E. Shishkonakova, N. A. Avetov, R. R. Kinzhaev, A. V. Arzamazova, O. Rogova, M. Melnik
The article provides data on a comparative analysis of the features of vegetation restoration in areas of oligotrophic bogs with a high degree of oil product pollution, located on the territory of an oil field in the Middle Ob region, reclaimed according to standard schemes, widely used in the 2000s, and by cutting off oil-contaminated soil. The total projective vegetation cover (TPVC) of all reclaimed areas mostly reaches standard values (above 30%). The TPVC in areas without cutting is slightly higher than in areas with cutting due to the difference in recovery time in favor of the former. At the same time, the average number of all recorded species in areas with cutting is slightly higher, and they include some oligotrophic vascular plants (heather shrubs, Drosera rotundifolia, Eriophorum vaginatum), which spread much less frequently in areas without cutting. The projective cover of the herb-shrub layer is higher in areas without cutting. The content of oil products in the surface layer of 0-20 cm in areas with cutting is generally lower compared to areas reclaimed by traditional methods. However, even high concentrations (more than 250 g∙kg-1) do not have a significant negative effect on the total projective cover of the grass/herb-shrub layer, while its minimum values are primarily associated with a lack of moisture on high microrelief elements. Similarly, high concentrations of hydrocarbons do not serve as an obstacle to the development of moss cover dominated by sphagnum mosses in areas of cut-off hollows. At the same time, polytrichous and brown mosses were much more sensitive to oil pollution in the form of bitumen crust, and thus avoided areas without cutting.
{"title":"FEATURES OF SOIL-VEGETATION COVER OF REVEGETATED OIL-POLLUTANTED AREAS OF OLIGOTROPHIC BOGS IN THE MIDDLE OF REGION RECLAIMED BY THE CUTTING METHOD","authors":"E. Shishkonakova, N. A. Avetov, R. R. Kinzhaev, A. V. Arzamazova, O. Rogova, M. Melnik","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-119-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-119-135","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides data on a comparative analysis of the features of vegetation restoration in areas of oligotrophic bogs with a high degree of oil product pollution, located on the territory of an oil field in the Middle Ob region, reclaimed according to standard schemes, widely used in the 2000s, and by cutting off oil-contaminated soil. The total projective vegetation cover (TPVC) of all reclaimed areas mostly reaches standard values (above 30%). The TPVC in areas without cutting is slightly higher than in areas with cutting due to the difference in recovery time in favor of the former. At the same time, the average number of all recorded species in areas with cutting is slightly higher, and they include some oligotrophic vascular plants (heather shrubs, Drosera rotundifolia, Eriophorum vaginatum), which spread much less frequently in areas without cutting. The projective cover of the herb-shrub layer is higher in areas without cutting. The content of oil products in the surface layer of 0-20 cm in areas with cutting is generally lower compared to areas reclaimed by traditional methods. However, even high concentrations (more than 250 g∙kg-1) do not have a significant negative effect on the total projective cover of the grass/herb-shrub layer, while its minimum values are primarily associated with a lack of moisture on high microrelief elements. Similarly, high concentrations of hydrocarbons do not serve as an obstacle to the development of moss cover dominated by sphagnum mosses in areas of cut-off hollows. At the same time, polytrichous and brown mosses were much more sensitive to oil pollution in the form of bitumen crust, and thus avoided areas without cutting.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-85-104
D. Lipatov, V. A. Varachenkov, D. Manakhov, G. Agapkina, A. Shcheglov
We studied morphological properties, pH, organic carbon content, and specific activity of 137Cs and natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 232Th) in the upper horizons of soils in deactivated and slightly damaged areas of the city. The studies were carried out in the urban ecosystems of the city of Elektrostal (Moscow region) in 2019, i.e. 6 years after local precipitation of 137Cs due to a radiation incident. Morphological features of the upper horizons of urban soils were: brownish-gray color, light-loamy composition, small-lumpy and lumpy structure, inclusions of construction and household waste. In the upper horizons of urbiquasizems and urban soils, a low carbon content (less than 1%) with high coefficients of variation - were detected. In the studied urban soils, a wide range of water pH values was noted: from acidic (4,6-5,5) to highly alkaline (> 8,0) reaction. Correlation analysis showed that in the upper horizons of UR, the content of organic carbon was reduced and alkalinization of the soil environment was observed. The accumulative type of distribution of 137Cs was recorded for soil profiles of polluted urban ecosystems in which decontamination measures were not carried out. The profiles of urban soils that were subjected to decontamination revealed low values of the specific activity of 137Cs in surface bulk layers and maxima in buried contaminated horizons. In the bulk horizons of UR, which include a large amount of crushed stone, there is an increase in the specific activity of 226Ra. Some technogenic horizons UR and TCH, consisting mainly of quartz sand, are characterized by very low values of specific activities 226Ra and 40K. Correlations of chemical and radiation indicators in the profiles of urban soils reflect the different composition and properties of upper horizons formed as a result of excavation and decontamination work.
我们研究了城市中失效和轻微受损地区土壤上层的形态特性、pH值、有机碳含量以及137Cs和天然放射性核素（40K、226Ra、232Th）的比活度。研究于 2019 年在埃列克特罗斯塔尔市（莫斯科州）的城市生态系统中进行，即在辐射事件导致 137Cs 在当地沉淀 6 年之后。城市土壤上层的形态特征为：棕灰色、轻粘土成分、小块状和块状结构、夹杂建筑和生活垃圾。在urbiquasizems 和城市土壤的上层地层中，发现碳含量较低（低于 1%），且变异系数较高。在所研究的城市土壤中，水的 pH 值范围很广：从酸性（4.6-5.5）到高碱性（大于 8.0）。相关分析表明，在 UR 的上部地层，有机碳含量减少，土壤环境碱化。在未采取净化措施的受污染城市生态系统的土壤剖面中，137Cs 呈累积型分布。经过净化的城市土壤剖面显示，137Cs 的比活度在地表层较低，而在埋藏的污染地层则达到最高值。在含有大量碎石的 UR 主体地层中，226Ra 的比活度有所增加。一些主要由石英砂组成的技术地层 UR 和 TCH 的特征是 226Ra 和 40K 的比活度值非常低。城市土壤剖面中化学和辐射指标的相关性反映了挖掘和净化工作所形成的上层地层的不同组成和性质。
{"title":"PROPERTIES OF URBAN SOILS AFTER DECONTAMINATION MEASURES ON THE RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF ELEKTROSTAL","authors":"D. Lipatov, V. A. Varachenkov, D. Manakhov, G. Agapkina, A. Shcheglov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-85-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-85-104","url":null,"abstract":"We studied morphological properties, pH, organic carbon content, and specific activity of 137Cs and natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 232Th) in the upper horizons of soils in deactivated and slightly damaged areas of the city. The studies were carried out in the urban ecosystems of the city of Elektrostal (Moscow region) in 2019, i.e. 6 years after local precipitation of 137Cs due to a radiation incident. Morphological features of the upper horizons of urban soils were: brownish-gray color, light-loamy composition, small-lumpy and lumpy structure, inclusions of construction and household waste. In the upper horizons of urbiquasizems and urban soils, a low carbon content (less than 1%) with high coefficients of variation - were detected. In the studied urban soils, a wide range of water pH values was noted: from acidic (4,6-5,5) to highly alkaline (> 8,0) reaction. Correlation analysis showed that in the upper horizons of UR, the content of organic carbon was reduced and alkalinization of the soil environment was observed. The accumulative type of distribution of 137Cs was recorded for soil profiles of polluted urban ecosystems in which decontamination measures were not carried out. The profiles of urban soils that were subjected to decontamination revealed low values of the specific activity of 137Cs in surface bulk layers and maxima in buried contaminated horizons. In the bulk horizons of UR, which include a large amount of crushed stone, there is an increase in the specific activity of 226Ra. Some technogenic horizons UR and TCH, consisting mainly of quartz sand, are characterized by very low values of specific activities 226Ra and 40K. Correlations of chemical and radiation indicators in the profiles of urban soils reflect the different composition and properties of upper horizons formed as a result of excavation and decontamination work.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-3-14
A. Smagin, N. Sadovnikova
The adsorption properties of dispersed systems are determined by their surface energy, therefore the indicators of hygroscopy (adsorbed water content) and dispersity (specific surface area of the solid phase) of soils and sediments are in close mutual correlation. This well-known empirical fact received a new fundamental interpretation based on the theory of disjoining water pressure according to Deryagin in the form of a thermodynamic equation connecting the specific surface area, hygroscopic water content of soil samples and the relative humidity of the air in the laboratory room. The theoretical equation allowed us to substantiate the methodology for quantifying the hydrophilic specific surface area of soil samples based on widespread data on their hygroscopy. A comparison of the new method with the standard BET-analysis of the specific surface area, as well as with the previously proposed physically based method for its determining by the slope of thermodynamic water retention curves, showed their statistically reliable agreement in a wide range of estimated specific surface area values from 5 to 340 m2×g-1 for soil samples of different genesis and texture.
分散体系的吸附特性由其表面能决定，因此土壤和沉积物的吸湿性（吸附水含量）和分散性（固相的比表面积）指标之间存在密切的相互关系。根据捷列金（Deryagin）提出的分离水压理论，这一众所周知的经验事实得到了新的基本解释，即以热力学方程的形式将土壤样品的比表面积、吸湿水含量和实验室房间的空气相对湿度联系起来。该理论方程使我们能够根据土壤样品吸湿性的广泛数据，证实量化土壤样品亲水比表面积的方法。新方法与比表面积的标准 BET 分析法以及之前提出的通过热力学保水曲线斜率确定比表面积的物理方法进行了比较，结果表明，对于不同成因和质地的土壤样本，在 5 至 340 m2×g-1 的估计比表面积值范围内，两者在统计学上具有可靠的一致性。
{"title":"HYGROSCOPIC WATER CONTENT AS AN INDICATOR OF SOIL DISPERSITY:THERMODYNAMIC BASIS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION","authors":"A. Smagin, N. Sadovnikova","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-3-14","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption properties of dispersed systems are determined by their surface energy, therefore the indicators of hygroscopy (adsorbed water content) and dispersity (specific surface area of the solid phase) of soils and sediments are in close mutual correlation. This well-known empirical fact received a new fundamental interpretation based on the theory of disjoining water pressure according to Deryagin in the form of a thermodynamic equation connecting the specific surface area, hygroscopic water content of soil samples and the relative humidity of the air in the laboratory room. The theoretical equation allowed us to substantiate the methodology for quantifying the hydrophilic specific surface area of soil samples based on widespread data on their hygroscopy. A comparison of the new method with the standard BET-analysis of the specific surface area, as well as with the previously proposed physically based method for its determining by the slope of thermodynamic water retention curves, showed their statistically reliable agreement in a wide range of estimated specific surface area values from 5 to 340 m2×g-1 for soil samples of different genesis and texture.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-26-36
E. A. Timofeeva, N. Korshunova
The influence of the discharge of spent aircraft deicing fluid (ADF), utilized in civil aviation, on the chemical composition of the eluate of sod-podzolic soil was being studied in a column experiment. It was determined that Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn are released into the environment together with the ADF. It is also shown that the ADF leads to changes in the indicators of the composition of lysimetric waters such as СOD, pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, and heavy metal content. As a result of the ADF discharge, several elements, including Fe and Mn, become more mobile and migrate to the liquid phase, while others are fixed in the soil, resulting in the redistribution of elements in the soil profile.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF DE-ICING LIQUIDS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ELUATE IN A COLUMN EXPERIMENT WITH SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL","authors":"E. A. Timofeeva, N. Korshunova","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-26-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-26-36","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the discharge of spent aircraft deicing fluid (ADF), utilized in civil aviation, on the chemical composition of the eluate of sod-podzolic soil was being studied in a column experiment. It was determined that Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn are released into the environment together with the ADF. It is also shown that the ADF leads to changes in the indicators of the composition of lysimetric waters such as СOD, pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, and heavy metal content. As a result of the ADF discharge, several elements, including Fe and Mn, become more mobile and migrate to the liquid phase, while others are fixed in the soil, resulting in the redistribution of elements in the soil profile.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-37-45
V. Telesnina, M. Podvezennaya, A. Sorokin, J. L. Meshalkina
The aim of the work was to assess the contribution of the following components - biomass and mortmass of tree stands, undergrowth, living ground cover, and forest litter - to the total organic matter’s pool of plant community. The object of the study was a territory of coniferous-deciduous forest located in Solnechnogorsk City District of the Moscow region, in which five permanent sample trial plots of 50·50 m were allocated. The greatest contribution to the total organic matter mass of studied plant communities was made by forest stand perennial parts (up to 87%) and forest stand mortmass (up to 14%), and phytomass of deciduous trees in stand containing 32 to 98%, which was connected with incompleteness of forest restoration succession process. The contribution of forest litter was no more than 3%; litter deposit was low (0,18-1,21 kg·m-2), which is not typical for spruce forests, as is the fact that all litter is of the destructive type. Living ground cover in terms of floristic composition and ecological-coenotic structure was typical for the subzone of coniferous-deciduous forests; its contribution to the overall productivity of forest biogeocenosis was insignificant. The spatial intrabiogeocenotic structure of litter reserves and living ground cover biomass distribution was disturbed compared to typical spruce forests due to the high proportion of deciduous species in the forest stand. Deciduous species inclusion in the tree tier, typical of the final stage of formation of a secondary coniferous forest during succession, caused a slight increase in the intensity of the biological cycle, which was indicated in this case by a decrease in the supply of litter and a simplification of their structure. Since the biomass and mortmass of tree stand make the greatest contribution to the sequestration of carbon by forest biogeocenoses, it is these components that require the most detailed assessment during monitoring observations, the purpose of which is to assess the carbon reserves of terrestrial ecosystems.
{"title":"CONIFEROUS LEAF-BEARING FOREST BIOMASS ASSESSMENT BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SOIL AND ECOLOGICAL CENTER OF LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY “CHASHNIKOVO”","authors":"V. Telesnina, M. Podvezennaya, A. Sorokin, J. L. Meshalkina","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-37-45","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to assess the contribution of the following components - biomass and mortmass of tree stands, undergrowth, living ground cover, and forest litter - to the total organic matter’s pool of plant community. The object of the study was a territory of coniferous-deciduous forest located in Solnechnogorsk City District of the Moscow region, in which five permanent sample trial plots of 50·50 m were allocated. The greatest contribution to the total organic matter mass of studied plant communities was made by forest stand perennial parts (up to 87%) and forest stand mortmass (up to 14%), and phytomass of deciduous trees in stand containing 32 to 98%, which was connected with incompleteness of forest restoration succession process. The contribution of forest litter was no more than 3%; litter deposit was low (0,18-1,21 kg·m-2), which is not typical for spruce forests, as is the fact that all litter is of the destructive type. Living ground cover in terms of floristic composition and ecological-coenotic structure was typical for the subzone of coniferous-deciduous forests; its contribution to the overall productivity of forest biogeocenosis was insignificant. The spatial intrabiogeocenotic structure of litter reserves and living ground cover biomass distribution was disturbed compared to typical spruce forests due to the high proportion of deciduous species in the forest stand. Deciduous species inclusion in the tree tier, typical of the final stage of formation of a secondary coniferous forest during succession, caused a slight increase in the intensity of the biological cycle, which was indicated in this case by a decrease in the supply of litter and a simplification of their structure. Since the biomass and mortmass of tree stand make the greatest contribution to the sequestration of carbon by forest biogeocenoses, it is these components that require the most detailed assessment during monitoring observations, the purpose of which is to assess the carbon reserves of terrestrial ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-15-25
S. Ogorodniaia, M. A. Butylkina, S. Krasikov, A. Dymov
Changes in the physical properties of podzolic soils were analysed three years after a cutting of coniferous-deciduous plantings in the territory of the middle taiga of the Komi Republic with three- and ten-fold forwarder passes, as well as after leveling deep ruts formed after ten passes. The influence of different number of passes on soil density, filtration coefficient, penetration resistance is shown. An assumption about various mechanisms of soil change has been made: three forwarder passes lead to compression, ten - to compression and turbation, which was confirmed by indications of soil density and hardness. It was revealed that compression leads to an increase in density by 0.15 g·cm-3 and penetration resistance by 25%. Meanwhile, filtration rate did not change. Ten passes lead to turbation, which levels the possible compaction due to an introduction of forest litter into the upper mineral soil horizons. Moreover, hardness values decreased by 2-3 times and water permeability decreased from 70 to 1 cm·day-1. It was revealed that leveling deep ruts causes a noticeable decrease in soil density after three years, including in comparison with the undisturbed soil. Furthermore, filtration rate increases several times. Penetration resistance is also increased. An estimation of the water retention curve approximation parameters by the van Genuchten equation made it possible to identify changes in soil of ruts compared to the a mechanically undisturbed site. A decrease in the range of mobile moisture was noted as a result of compaction after heavy equipment usage, leading to moisture stagnation in ruts.
{"title":"PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF UPPER MINERAL HORIZONS OF CUTTING AREA (MIDDLE TAIGA, KOMI REPUBLIC)","authors":"S. Ogorodniaia, M. A. Butylkina, S. Krasikov, A. Dymov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-15-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-15-25","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the physical properties of podzolic soils were analysed three years after a cutting of coniferous-deciduous plantings in the territory of the middle taiga of the Komi Republic with three- and ten-fold forwarder passes, as well as after leveling deep ruts formed after ten passes. The influence of different number of passes on soil density, filtration coefficient, penetration resistance is shown. An assumption about various mechanisms of soil change has been made: three forwarder passes lead to compression, ten - to compression and turbation, which was confirmed by indications of soil density and hardness. It was revealed that compression leads to an increase in density by 0.15 g·cm-3 and penetration resistance by 25%. Meanwhile, filtration rate did not change. Ten passes lead to turbation, which levels the possible compaction due to an introduction of forest litter into the upper mineral soil horizons. Moreover, hardness values decreased by 2-3 times and water permeability decreased from 70 to 1 cm·day-1. It was revealed that leveling deep ruts causes a noticeable decrease in soil density after three years, including in comparison with the undisturbed soil. Furthermore, filtration rate increases several times. Penetration resistance is also increased. An estimation of the water retention curve approximation parameters by the van Genuchten equation made it possible to identify changes in soil of ruts compared to the a mechanically undisturbed site. A decrease in the range of mobile moisture was noted as a result of compaction after heavy equipment usage, leading to moisture stagnation in ruts.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"128 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-105-118
E. Kovaleva, P. Perebasova, D. Avdulov, D. Ladonin, S.YA. Trofimov
The effectiveness of remediators in detoxification of soils contaminated with heavy metals was studied in a lab experiment. The objects of the study were the soils of the southern tundra, functioning under conditions of anthropogenic impact: Haplic Gleysols (Gelic) and Histic Fluvisols (Oxyaquic). The chemical ability of remediants to bind metals (Ni and Cu), transferring them to a sedentary state in comparison with the reference variants (without any addition of remediants), was evaluated. In experiments, remediants were used in three doses (D1, D2, D3): shungite; diatomite, glauconite and bentonite. To assess the immobilization of Ni and Cu in soils, acid-soluble (CR) forms (extraction of 1 n. HNO3), mobile forms (ammonium acetate buffer solution with pH 4.8), water-soluble forms of Ni and Cu (1:20 aqueous extract) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effectiveness of soil detoxification during the application of remediants was evaluated by the phytotoxic effect in an express phytoassay with standardized tests (Brassica rapa CrGC and Avena sativa) represented by higher plants. A decrease in the proportion of mobile forms of Ni and Cu by 50% or more in Haplic Gleysols (Gelic) was revealed with the addition of any dose of ameliorants. The greatest effect of reducing mobility was exerted by shungite and diatomite at a dose of D1 - up to 15% Ni and Cu for Histic Fluvisols (Oxyaquic) soil. The use of the selected remediants in the indicated amounts did not reveal a phytotoxic effect on the tests in the experiment.
{"title":"THE EFFICACY OF AMELIORANTS FOR REMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS, IN A LAB EXPERIMENT","authors":"E. Kovaleva, P. Perebasova, D. Avdulov, D. Ladonin, S.YA. Trofimov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-105-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-105-118","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of remediators in detoxification of soils contaminated with heavy metals was studied in a lab experiment. The objects of the study were the soils of the southern tundra, functioning under conditions of anthropogenic impact: Haplic Gleysols (Gelic) and Histic Fluvisols (Oxyaquic). The chemical ability of remediants to bind metals (Ni and Cu), transferring them to a sedentary state in comparison with the reference variants (without any addition of remediants), was evaluated. In experiments, remediants were used in three doses (D1, D2, D3): shungite; diatomite, glauconite and bentonite. To assess the immobilization of Ni and Cu in soils, acid-soluble (CR) forms (extraction of 1 n. HNO3), mobile forms (ammonium acetate buffer solution with pH 4.8), water-soluble forms of Ni and Cu (1:20 aqueous extract) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effectiveness of soil detoxification during the application of remediants was evaluated by the phytotoxic effect in an express phytoassay with standardized tests (Brassica rapa CrGC and Avena sativa) represented by higher plants. A decrease in the proportion of mobile forms of Ni and Cu by 50% or more in Haplic Gleysols (Gelic) was revealed with the addition of any dose of ameliorants. The greatest effect of reducing mobility was exerted by shungite and diatomite at a dose of D1 - up to 15% Ni and Cu for Histic Fluvisols (Oxyaquic) soil. The use of the selected remediants in the indicated amounts did not reveal a phytotoxic effect on the tests in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"63 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-136-146
E. Saratseva, M. V. Dabakhov
The production of organic agriculture products has become one of the most growing areas of economic activity, with projected annual growth of 10-12%. At the same time, the demand for organic products significantly exceeds the supply, which is largely due to the lack of land that can be allocated for this production. Russia, which has significant areas of virtually unused land on which mineral fertilizers and pesticides have not been used for a long time, reaching 19.7 million. ha, has a significant potential for development in this direction. At the same time, considering that a significant part of unused territories is located within the zone of risky agriculture, and also has soils with a low level of natural fertility, degraded, arid, waterlogged, etc., the actual amount of land resources that can be involved in organic agriculture is significantly less. For the most complete introduction into circulation of unused agricultural lands, it is necessary to increase the knowledge intensity and manufacturability of organic agriculture, for which research work in the following areas is highly relevant: 1) optimization of the balance of humus and nutrients in soils, 2) breeding and seed production of crops for organic agriculture, 3) development of biological products for disease and pest control, 4) development of optimal farming systems taking into account local soil and climatic conditions, 5) optimization of agricultural landscapes based on increasing the diversity of agricultural land use. Along with the involvement of unused lands in the organic production system, the development of the industry largely depends on the system of training qualified personnel in this area, which should take into account the specifics of the technologies used, which differ significantly from traditional farming systems. To do this, it is necessary to update existing professional standards, which should include generalized labor functions related to the development and implementation of organic farming technologies, as well as knowledge and skills in organizing organic production. On the basis of updated professional standards, universities should form new professional competencies and a corresponding set of academic disciplines. The personnel training system for the industry should include various levels of training: agricultural classes, higher education, additional professional education.
{"title":"ORGANIC FARMING: DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN RUSSIA, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET","authors":"E. Saratseva, M. V. Dabakhov","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-136-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-136-146","url":null,"abstract":"The production of organic agriculture products has become one of the most growing areas of economic activity, with projected annual growth of 10-12%. At the same time, the demand for organic products significantly exceeds the supply, which is largely due to the lack of land that can be allocated for this production. Russia, which has significant areas of virtually unused land on which mineral fertilizers and pesticides have not been used for a long time, reaching 19.7 million. ha, has a significant potential for development in this direction. At the same time, considering that a significant part of unused territories is located within the zone of risky agriculture, and also has soils with a low level of natural fertility, degraded, arid, waterlogged, etc., the actual amount of land resources that can be involved in organic agriculture is significantly less. For the most complete introduction into circulation of unused agricultural lands, it is necessary to increase the knowledge intensity and manufacturability of organic agriculture, for which research work in the following areas is highly relevant: 1) optimization of the balance of humus and nutrients in soils, 2) breeding and seed production of crops for organic agriculture, 3) development of biological products for disease and pest control, 4) development of optimal farming systems taking into account local soil and climatic conditions, 5) optimization of agricultural landscapes based on increasing the diversity of agricultural land use. Along with the involvement of unused lands in the organic production system, the development of the industry largely depends on the system of training qualified personnel in this area, which should take into account the specifics of the technologies used, which differ significantly from traditional farming systems. To do this, it is necessary to update existing professional standards, which should include generalized labor functions related to the development and implementation of organic farming technologies, as well as knowledge and skills in organizing organic production. On the basis of updated professional standards, universities should form new professional competencies and a corresponding set of academic disciplines. The personnel training system for the industry should include various levels of training: agricultural classes, higher education, additional professional education.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"126 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-73-83
M. V. Dabakhov, E. Dabakhova
Ratuioning of the content of hazardous substances in soil as an object of environmental protection in the Russian Federation is provided by a set of normative acts establishing the principles of assessment, approaches to the use of soils of varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation, the level of their pollution, at which the responsibility of the land user for violation of legislation on soil protection occurs. The analysis of normative acts shows that the most stringent pollution regulation system has been established in Russia, which is based on determining the compliance of the content of chemical elements and compounds in soils with sanitary and hygienic standards in the territories of settlements and agricultural lands. On other lands, as a standard, the excess of which leads to the onset of economic responsibility for pollution, the value of the concentration of the pollutant in the adjacent territory of a similar purpose and type of use, which is not adversely affected by a specific type of violation, is applied. At the same time, chemical elements and compounds are considered as pollutants, regardless of their origin, degree of danger and biological significance. The application of this approach within the framework of law enforcement practice creates significant problems in establishing the fact of negative impact, calculating the amount of damage from pollution, and developing measures for soil remediation. Thus, the current regulations consider as pollutants substances of natural origin, including those that ensure soil fertility and are applied with mineral and organic fertilizers. The use of the background level of substances as the maximum permissible value does not take into account the natural variability of elements and compounds in soils, as well as the errors of their chemical analysis. The excessive rigidity of the applicable standards is the reason for the increased costs of soil remediation measures. The way out of this situation is to revise the rationing system, taking into account the biological significance of elements and compounds, and the need to introduce a multi-level system of soil quality indicators. There is a need to improve the conceptual framework as part of regulatory documents on soil protection.
{"title":"PROBLEMS OF RATIONING THE CONTENT OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS IN SOILS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE","authors":"M. V. Dabakhov, E. Dabakhova","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-73-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-73-83","url":null,"abstract":"Ratuioning of the content of hazardous substances in soil as an object of environmental protection in the Russian Federation is provided by a set of normative acts establishing the principles of assessment, approaches to the use of soils of varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation, the level of their pollution, at which the responsibility of the land user for violation of legislation on soil protection occurs. The analysis of normative acts shows that the most stringent pollution regulation system has been established in Russia, which is based on determining the compliance of the content of chemical elements and compounds in soils with sanitary and hygienic standards in the territories of settlements and agricultural lands. On other lands, as a standard, the excess of which leads to the onset of economic responsibility for pollution, the value of the concentration of the pollutant in the adjacent territory of a similar purpose and type of use, which is not adversely affected by a specific type of violation, is applied. At the same time, chemical elements and compounds are considered as pollutants, regardless of their origin, degree of danger and biological significance. The application of this approach within the framework of law enforcement practice creates significant problems in establishing the fact of negative impact, calculating the amount of damage from pollution, and developing measures for soil remediation. Thus, the current regulations consider as pollutants substances of natural origin, including those that ensure soil fertility and are applied with mineral and organic fertilizers. The use of the background level of substances as the maximum permissible value does not take into account the natural variability of elements and compounds in soils, as well as the errors of their chemical analysis. The excessive rigidity of the applicable standards is the reason for the increased costs of soil remediation measures. The way out of this situation is to revise the rationing system, taking into account the biological significance of elements and compounds, and the need to introduce a multi-level system of soil quality indicators. There is a need to improve the conceptual framework as part of regulatory documents on soil protection.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"81 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-63-72
A. L. Kindeev, N. Klebanovich
The article discusses one of the ways to assess the condition of soil cover to improve the efficiency of land management using the example of the Volozhin region of the Republic of Belarus. A comprehensive assessment of the agrochemical and natural potential of the soil is proposed by means of typing the soil cover depending on agrochemical indicators (pHKCl, humus content, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium) and a quality score reflecting the natural state of the soil. Using geostatistical methods, the values of agrochemical indicators were interpolated from elementary areas into areas of soil varieties of agricultural lands and classified according to the degree of content of agrochemical elements that made up the agrochemical potential (AP). After crossing the AP with the bonitet score, 9 groups of soils were identified according to soil-agrochemical potential (SAP), of which the largest share (58,2 %) is occupied by soils with average potential (61,950 ha). Based on the results of a spatial assessment of the PAP, it was determined that sod-podzolic and sod-podzolic swampy soils developing on light loams and cohesive sandy loams have the greatest potential. It was also revealed that areas with low PAP gravitate towards the most dissected areas of the terrain with sandy and cohesive sandy soils. Based on the typification carried out, the main types of preferred land use in the Volozhin region were determined: more than half of the agricultural land can be used for intensive agricultural use for arable land (52,1 %) and meadows (12,5 %), traditional land use is possible for 29,3 % territories and only 6,2 % of lands require the use of soil protection farming systems, primarily focused on erosion-hazardous areas of the area.
{"title":"METHOD OF ACCOUNTING SOIL-AGROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL FOR OPTIMIZING THE STRUCTURE OF LAND USE OF THE VOLOZHINSK DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS","authors":"A. L. Kindeev, N. Klebanovich","doi":"10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-63-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2024-79-2-63-72","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses one of the ways to assess the condition of soil cover to improve the efficiency of land management using the example of the Volozhin region of the Republic of Belarus. A comprehensive assessment of the agrochemical and natural potential of the soil is proposed by means of typing the soil cover depending on agrochemical indicators (pHKCl, humus content, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium) and a quality score reflecting the natural state of the soil. Using geostatistical methods, the values of agrochemical indicators were interpolated from elementary areas into areas of soil varieties of agricultural lands and classified according to the degree of content of agrochemical elements that made up the agrochemical potential (AP). After crossing the AP with the bonitet score, 9 groups of soils were identified according to soil-agrochemical potential (SAP), of which the largest share (58,2 %) is occupied by soils with average potential (61,950 ha). Based on the results of a spatial assessment of the PAP, it was determined that sod-podzolic and sod-podzolic swampy soils developing on light loams and cohesive sandy loams have the greatest potential. It was also revealed that areas with low PAP gravitate towards the most dissected areas of the terrain with sandy and cohesive sandy soils. Based on the typification carried out, the main types of preferred land use in the Volozhin region were determined: more than half of the agricultural land can be used for intensive agricultural use for arable land (52,1 %) and meadows (12,5 %), traditional land use is possible for 29,3 % territories and only 6,2 % of lands require the use of soil protection farming systems, primarily focused on erosion-hazardous areas of the area.","PeriodicalId":476838,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Soil Science Journal","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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