Nanoliposome enabled topical gel-based drug delivery system of ivermectin: Fabrication, characterization, in vivo and in vitro investigation

Abstract

Nanoliposomes loaded with ivermectin possess the ability to deliver the drug to an intended area, ensuring optimal stability and eventual release at that precise location. The nanoliposome's size range results in an expanded surface area, which enables the delivery of the maximum amount of medication to the designed location. This investigation shows that the thin film lipid hydration technique can be employed to formulate nanoliposomes. For the formulation, the amount of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine was chosen applying response surface methodology (RSM). With a range of zeta potentials from −13.4 ​± ​0.14 ​mV to −34.5 ​± ​0.11 ​mV, average dimension of the particles in the different formulation tested in this study is between 93.2 ​nm and 156.4 ​nm. The factorial design optimization demonstrates that the entrapment efficiency (Y3) has a p-value of 0.0160, the percentage of medicament release rate 8 ​h (Y1) has a p-value of 0.0414, and the percentage of medicament release rate 12 ​h (Y2) has a p-value of 0.0119. Therefore, all the models and responses were significant. After the thorough assessment from the present investigation, it was found that F7 batch has the highest R² value and n exponent, the release kinetics of the ivermectin-loaded nanoliposome accompanied zero-order release model as well as korsmeyer–peppas model. Additionally, the current study demonstrated the histopathological assessments in the course of wound healing in animal model. Investigated results showcased that the ivermectin loaded nanoliposomes has substantial possibility as a nano conveyor for the targeted drug delivery system.