Les stéréotypes sur l’enfant ayant un diagnostic de TDAH chez les neuropsychologues en France

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the content of the stereotype of a child with a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) among French neuropsychologists, and then to identify the factors associated with a stereotyped representation of ADHD.

Method

An online survey was conducted in France among 88 neuropsychologists working with children diagnosed with ADHD. Stereotypes were identified using differential semantic scales. In line with the Stereotype Content model, seven “competence” stereotypes and seven “warmth” stereotypes were assessed. Individual factors potentially associated with stereotyping included categorical and continuum beliefs, beliefs in high quality of life opportunities, feelings of professional usefulness, perceived general similarities and perceived specific similarities. Sociodemographic factors were also collected.

Results

Compared with neurotypical children, participants perceived children with an ADHD diagnosis as having more difficulty concentrating, being less competent at controlling their emotions, more extroverted, more irritable, more insolent, less competent at maintaining friendly relationships, less competent academically, more competent at sports, more warm-hearted and more arrogant. The more the participants perceived themselves to be similar to children with a diagnosis of ADHD, the fewer stereotypes they themselves reported. Neuropsychologists with the fewest years of experience, the most frequent contact with children diagnosed with ADHD and working in private practice reported a more stereotyped view of ADHD.

Conclusion

Even though neuropsychologists play an important role in supporting children with ADHD, many stereotypes can be found in their representation of the children they work with. These stereotypes are discussed, along with anti-stigma solution.