Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in carries of rs174544 polymorphism of FADS1 gene and rs174583 polymorphism of FADS2 gene from central region of the Russian Federation before and after supplementation of their diet with ω-3 PUFAs

IF 1.9 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Human Nutrition and Metabolism Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI:10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200269
Nataliya Mikhailovna Shilina , Elena Yurievna Sorokina , Mariia Andreevna Makarenko , Vladimir Vladimirovich Bessonov
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The associations between the polymorphisms of <em>FADS</em> genes and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the body with some inflammatory and chronic diseases were shown. To date, very few studies in the Russian Federation researched the distribution of polymorphic variants in <em>FADS1</em> and <em>FADS2</em> genes and no studies examined the effects of these polymorphisms on the level of FAs in tissues.</p><p>So, the <em>purpose</em> of this paper was to study the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the <em>rs</em>174544 polymorphism of the <em>FADS1</em> gene and the <em>rs</em>174583 polymorphism of the <em>FADS2</em> gene and their influence on the FA composition of erythrocyte membranes in residents of the Central region of the Russian Federation (RF). Additionally, the effect of ω-3 PUFAs fortified food products on this composition was examined.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study included 70 volunteers aged 23–69 years from Moscow region who provided informed consent. They were genotyped for <em>rs</em>174544 polymorphism of <em>FADS1</em> gene and <em>rs</em>174583 polymorphism of <em>FADS2</em> gene by real-time PCR. The participants of the study consumed fruit or vegetable smoothies enriched with either vegetable (chia seeds flour) or animal (fish oil flour) sources of ω-3 PUFAs for 1 month. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in some of the volunteers was analysed using gas-chromatography before and after fortification of their diet with ω-3 PUFAs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The frequency of genotypes and alleles of polymorphisms studied were similar to those published for the European region. For <em>rs</em>174544, the genotype frequencies were CC (61%), CA (29%), and AA (10%), frequency of allele A was 24%. For <em>rs</em>174583, the genotype frequencies were CC (51%), CT (39%), and TT (10%), frequency of allele T was 29%. Carriers of minor alleles of both polymorphisms studied had significantly higher levels of ω-6 and ω-3 LC PUFAs in erythrocyte membranes compared to those carrying other genotypes. This differs from the results of other studies where carriers of minor alleles as were shown to be slow converters of precursors to LC PUFAs. The reason of the discrepancy was most likely associated with the obesity and dietary preferences of our study participants who carry the minor alleles. Over the period of one-month consumption of food sources providing an additional intake of either 2 g/day ω-3 PUFAs from fish oil or 6.5 g/day of ω-3 PUFAs from chia seed flour markedly reduced the incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes in carriers of minor alleles. Additionally, there was an increase in the content of saturated palmitic acid in the membranes that noticeably changed the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results confirm the observation that blood fatty acid composition related to polymorphisms of <em>FADS</em> gene is highly influenced by BMI. The incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes decreases when the diet is fortified with ω-3 PUFAs. 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Abstract

Numerous publications have demonstrated that polymorphisms in FADS1 and FADS2 gene cluster influence the levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) synthesized in the body from essential precursors. They can be consumed through the diet as well. These LC PUFAs perform important plastic and regulatory functions in the body. The associations between the polymorphisms of FADS genes and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the body with some inflammatory and chronic diseases were shown. To date, very few studies in the Russian Federation researched the distribution of polymorphic variants in FADS1 and FADS2 genes and no studies examined the effects of these polymorphisms on the level of FAs in tissues.

So, the purpose of this paper was to study the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the rs174544 polymorphism of the FADS1 gene and the rs174583 polymorphism of the FADS2 gene and their influence on the FA composition of erythrocyte membranes in residents of the Central region of the Russian Federation (RF). Additionally, the effect of ω-3 PUFAs fortified food products on this composition was examined.

Methods

The study included 70 volunteers aged 23–69 years from Moscow region who provided informed consent. They were genotyped for rs174544 polymorphism of FADS1 gene and rs174583 polymorphism of FADS2 gene by real-time PCR. The participants of the study consumed fruit or vegetable smoothies enriched with either vegetable (chia seeds flour) or animal (fish oil flour) sources of ω-3 PUFAs for 1 month. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in some of the volunteers was analysed using gas-chromatography before and after fortification of their diet with ω-3 PUFAs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.

Results

The frequency of genotypes and alleles of polymorphisms studied were similar to those published for the European region. For rs174544, the genotype frequencies were CC (61%), CA (29%), and AA (10%), frequency of allele A was 24%. For rs174583, the genotype frequencies were CC (51%), CT (39%), and TT (10%), frequency of allele T was 29%. Carriers of minor alleles of both polymorphisms studied had significantly higher levels of ω-6 and ω-3 LC PUFAs in erythrocyte membranes compared to those carrying other genotypes. This differs from the results of other studies where carriers of minor alleles as were shown to be slow converters of precursors to LC PUFAs. The reason of the discrepancy was most likely associated with the obesity and dietary preferences of our study participants who carry the minor alleles. Over the period of one-month consumption of food sources providing an additional intake of either 2 g/day ω-3 PUFAs from fish oil or 6.5 g/day of ω-3 PUFAs from chia seed flour markedly reduced the incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes in carriers of minor alleles. Additionally, there was an increase in the content of saturated palmitic acid in the membranes that noticeably changed the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes.

Conclusion

Our results confirm the observation that blood fatty acid composition related to polymorphisms of FADS gene is highly influenced by BMI. The incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes decreases when the diet is fortified with ω-3 PUFAs. This decrease can help reduce the formation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and the risk of various inflammatory and chronic diseases, especially in carriers of minor alleles of the genetic polymorphisms studied.

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俄罗斯联邦中部地区 FADS1 基因 rs174544 多态性和 FADS2 基因 rs174583 多态性携带者在饮食中补充 ω-3 PUFAs 之前和之后红细胞膜的脂肪酸组成。
大量文献表明,FADS1 和 FADS2 基因簇的多态性会影响体内由必需前体合成的长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)的含量。它们也可以通过饮食摄入。这些长链多不饱和脂肪酸在体内具有重要的塑性和调节功能。FADS 基因的多态性和体内脂肪酸(FA)组成与一些炎症和慢性疾病之间存在关联。迄今为止,俄罗斯联邦很少有研究对 FADS1 和 FADS2 基因多态性变异的分布进行研究,也没有研究探讨这些多态性对组织中脂肪酸水平的影响。因此,本文旨在研究俄罗斯联邦(RF)中部地区居民的 FADS1 基因 rs174544 多态性和 FADS2 基因 rs174583 多态性的基因型和等位基因的频率及其对红细胞膜中 FA 组成的影响。此外,还研究了ω-3 PUFAs 强化食品对该成分的影响。通过实时 PCR 对他们进行了 FADS1 基因 rs174544 多态性和 FADS2 基因 rs174583 多态性的基因分型。研究参与者在一个月内食用富含植物(奇亚籽粉)或动物(鱼油粉)来源ω-3 PUFA的水果或蔬菜冰沙。在膳食中添加ω-3 PUFAs前后,使用气相色谱法分析了部分志愿者红细胞膜的脂肪酸组成。结果所研究的多态性基因型和等位基因的频率与欧洲地区公布的频率相似。rs174544的基因型频率为CC(61%)、CA(29%)和AA(10%),等位基因A的频率为24%。rs174583的基因型频率为CC(51%)、CT(39%)和TT(10%),等位基因T的频率为29%。与携带其他基因型的人相比,两种多态性的小等位基因携带者的红细胞膜中ω-6和ω-3 LC PUFA的含量明显较高。这与其他研究结果不同,在其他研究中,小等位基因携带者被证明是低聚糖前体转化为低聚α烯烃的缓慢者。造成这种差异的原因很可能与携带小等位基因的研究参与者的肥胖和饮食偏好有关。在一个月的时间里,小等位基因携带者每天从鱼油中额外摄入 2 克ω-3 PUFAs 或从奇异籽粉中额外摄入 6.5 克ω-3 PUFAs 的食物来源明显减少了红细胞膜中ω-6 PUFAs 的掺入量。此外,红细胞膜中饱和棕榈酸的含量增加,明显改变了红细胞膜的脂肪酸组成。当饮食中添加ω-3 PUFAs 时,红细胞膜中的ω-6 PUFAs 含量会减少。这种减少有助于减少促炎性二十烷酸的形成,降低各种炎症和慢性疾病的风险,尤其是对所研究的基因多态性的小等位基因携带者而言。
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来源期刊
Human Nutrition and Metabolism
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
审稿时长
188 days
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