Modification of Natural Zeolite from Klaten, Indonesia Using Ammonium Chloride by Ion-Exchange and Its Application as Catalyst in Ethanol Dehydration to Produce Diethyl Ether

IF 1 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.22146/ijc.90279
Zaira Adila, W. Trisunaryanti, T. Triyono
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Abstract

Modification of a natural zeolite from Klaten, Indonesia, as a catalyst in the dehydration of ethanol to produce diethyl ether (DEE) has been conducted. Raw Klaten natural zeolite (ZA) was modified using 1 and 2 M of an ammonium chloride solution for 24 h while stirring for 18 h, then calcined at 500 °C for 5 h under N2 gas flow produced HZA1 and HZA2 catalyst, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR and gravimetric acidity test using ammonia-based vapor. The dehydration process was conducted under variations of temperature (200, 250, and 300 °C) and catalyst mass of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g for 20 mL of 96% ethanol. The HZA1 catalyst produced the highest yield of DEE (2.41%) at 250 °C and 0.1 g catalyst. This catalyst showed needle-like of 66.22 nm crystal size, consisting of 32.57% mordenite, the highest surface area (48.32 m2/g), crystallinity (32.93%) and Brønsted acid sites (2.75 mmol/g), the lowest pore diameter (1.77 nm) and Si/Al mol ratio (4.03). The HZA1 catalyst can be used repetitively and produced DEE yield at the second and third runs (2.40 and 2.61%).
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通过离子交换使用氯化铵对印度尼西亚克拉登的天然沸石进行改性,并将其用作乙醇脱水生成二乙醚的催化剂
研究人员对印度尼西亚克拉登(Klaten)的一种天然沸石进行了改性,将其作为乙醇脱水生成二乙醚(DEE)的催化剂。使用 1 M 和 2 M 的氯化铵溶液对原始克拉登天然沸石 (ZA) 进行 24 小时的改性,同时搅拌 18 小时,然后在 500 °C 的条件下,在 N2 气体流下煅烧 5 小时,分别制得 HZA1 和 HZA2 催化剂。催化剂的表征方法包括 XRD、BET 表面积、SEM-EDX、XRF、傅立叶变换红外光谱和使用氨蒸汽进行的重量酸度测试。在温度(200、250 和 300 °C)和催化剂质量(0.1、0.2 和 0.4 克)变化的情况下,对 20 毫升 96% 乙醇进行了脱水处理。在 250 °C 和 0.1 克催化剂条件下,HZA1 催化剂产生的 DEE 产率最高(2.41%)。该催化剂呈针状,晶体尺寸为 66.22 nm,由 32.57% 的莫来石组成,具有最高的比表面积(48.32 m2/g)、结晶度(32.93%)和布氏酸位点(2.75 mmol/g),最低的孔径(1.77 nm)和硅/铝摩尔比(4.03)。HZA1 催化剂可重复使用,并在第二次和第三次运行时产生 2.40% 和 2.61% 的二乙二醇产率。
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来源期刊
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
11.10%
发文量
106
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry, including educational chemistry, applied chemistry, and chemical engineering.
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