A. H. Ritonga, Barita Aritonang, Gusliani Eka Putri, K. Khairiah, Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan, Debi Meilani
A plastic composite consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), oleic acid-grafted linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-OA) compatibilizer, and organo-precipitated calcium carbonate (O-PCC) have been successfully made in the molten state. This study aims to characterize the mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of the PLA/LLDPE/O-PCC plastic composite in the presence of an LLDPE-g-OA compatibilizer. The plastic composite was prepared by blending PLA, LLDPE, LLDPE-g-OA, and O-PCC using an internal mixer with a heating of 160 °C and a rotation of 100 rpm. LLDPE and LLDPE-g-OA are put together into the inner mixer chamber until melted, followed by PLA and O-PCC. The most optimum plastic composite composition is PLA/LLDPE/LLDPE-g-g-OA/O-PCC (67.5:22.5:5:5). The mechanical properties showed an increase in tensile strength of 9.78 MPa. The physical properties showed that the minimum water absorption was 0.74%, the biodegradation in humus soil showed a degradation rate of 0.09% per day, and the thermal properties showed better stability with a melting point of 146.5 °C. The FTIR spectrum is similar to the polymer blend without O-PCC. The morphology indicates that the composite is compatible and homogeneous. This semi-biodegradable plastic composite has significant implications for reducing the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment.
{"title":"PLA/LLDPE/Organo-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Composites Containing LLDPE-g-OA Compatibilizers: Mechanical, Physical, Thermal, and Morphology","authors":"A. H. Ritonga, Barita Aritonang, Gusliani Eka Putri, K. Khairiah, Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan, Debi Meilani","doi":"10.22146/ijc.86983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.86983","url":null,"abstract":"A plastic composite consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), oleic acid-grafted linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-OA) compatibilizer, and organo-precipitated calcium carbonate (O-PCC) have been successfully made in the molten state. This study aims to characterize the mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of the PLA/LLDPE/O-PCC plastic composite in the presence of an LLDPE-g-OA compatibilizer. The plastic composite was prepared by blending PLA, LLDPE, LLDPE-g-OA, and O-PCC using an internal mixer with a heating of 160 °C and a rotation of 100 rpm. LLDPE and LLDPE-g-OA are put together into the inner mixer chamber until melted, followed by PLA and O-PCC. The most optimum plastic composite composition is PLA/LLDPE/LLDPE-g-g-OA/O-PCC (67.5:22.5:5:5). The mechanical properties showed an increase in tensile strength of 9.78 MPa. The physical properties showed that the minimum water absorption was 0.74%, the biodegradation in humus soil showed a degradation rate of 0.09% per day, and the thermal properties showed better stability with a melting point of 146.5 °C. The FTIR spectrum is similar to the polymer blend without O-PCC. The morphology indicates that the composite is compatible and homogeneous. This semi-biodegradable plastic composite has significant implications for reducing the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen Abd Alhassan Mahmood, Rulla Sabah, N. K. Abood
New and simple spectrophotometric method was applied for amoxicillin determination by oxidative coupling with an organic reagent 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-furan-2-yl)-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one (H) to form an orange colored dye with λmax of 490 nm. The molecular structure of the new compound H was characterized using spectral analysis including 1H-NMR, FTIR, Mass spectroscopy, and UV-visible. The concentration range of oxidative coupling obeyed Beer's law was 2–50 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9995, molar absorptivity was 0.63 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.189 μg/mL. The concentration range of flow injection obeyed Beer's law was 1–150 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9994, molar absorptivity was 0.295 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.407 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied in pharmaceutical formulation for amoxicillin determination. The results showed that amoxicillin could be reacted with a new compound H in the alkaline medium in the presence of oxidative agent NaIO4 and automated by flow injection analysis. The proposed methods have the advantage of simple, fast, very sensitive, good precision and accuracy. The suggested technique was effectively used to estimate amoxicillin in both its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Amoxicillin Using New Organic Reagent via Different Analytical Methods","authors":"Helen Abd Alhassan Mahmood, Rulla Sabah, N. K. Abood","doi":"10.22146/ijc.83903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.83903","url":null,"abstract":"New and simple spectrophotometric method was applied for amoxicillin determination by oxidative coupling with an organic reagent 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-furan-2-yl)-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one (H) to form an orange colored dye with λmax of 490 nm. The molecular structure of the new compound H was characterized using spectral analysis including 1H-NMR, FTIR, Mass spectroscopy, and UV-visible. The concentration range of oxidative coupling obeyed Beer's law was 2–50 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9995, molar absorptivity was 0.63 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.189 μg/mL. The concentration range of flow injection obeyed Beer's law was 1–150 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9994, molar absorptivity was 0.295 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.407 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied in pharmaceutical formulation for amoxicillin determination. The results showed that amoxicillin could be reacted with a new compound H in the alkaline medium in the presence of oxidative agent NaIO4 and automated by flow injection analysis. The proposed methods have the advantage of simple, fast, very sensitive, good precision and accuracy. The suggested technique was effectively used to estimate amoxicillin in both its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heterocyclic 1,4-di(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)benzene (D) and two heterocyclic-cationic Gemini surfactant 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(5-decyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium)bromide (E) and 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(5-tetradecyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium)bromide (F) were prepared and identified by FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopies, and GC–MS. Then, they were tested as corrosion inhibitors against carbon steel corrosion in 2.0 M aggressive HCl medium at 25 and 50 °C. They have different carbon chain tails, i.e., E (10 carbons), and F (14 carbons). These new heterocyclic and surfactant categories as corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion process has been studied electrochemically (Tafel Plot). The inhibition efficiency clarified that the decrease in IE(%) is in the order of F > E > D. The biological activity of compounds D and F was investigated using the aforementioned drilling procedure with a cork drill. At a dosage of 3000 mcg/mL, the biological action of compound D demonstrated effective resistance against the two types of negative bacteria. The cation has a diameter of 20 mm against E. coli and 19 mm against S. epidermis bacteria. At the same concentration, the chemical F is solely effective against E. coli with an inhibition diameter of 14 mm.
制备了杂环 1,4-二(1,3,5-二噻嗪-5-基)苯 (D) 和两种杂环阳离子 Gemini 表面活性剂 5,5'-(1,4-亚苯基)双(5-癸基-1,3,5-二噻嗪-5-鎓)溴化物 (E) 和 5、制备了 5,5'-(1,4-亚苯基)双(5-十四烷基-1,3,5-二噻嗪-5-鎓)溴化物（F），并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、1H-核磁共振光谱和气相色谱-质谱进行了鉴定。然后，将它们作为缓蚀剂，在 2.0 M 腐蚀性盐酸介质中于 25 和 50 °C 下对碳钢腐蚀进行了测试。它们具有不同的碳链尾部，即 E（10 个碳原子）和 F（14 个碳原子）。这些新的杂环和表面活性剂可作为缓蚀剂。对腐蚀过程进行了电化学研究（塔菲尔图）。抑制效率表明，IE（%）的下降顺序为 F > E > D。在 3000 微克/毫升的剂量下，化合物 D 的生物作用显示出对两种阴性细菌的有效抵抗力。该阳离子对大肠杆菌的直径为 20 毫米，对表皮葡萄球菌的直径为 19 毫米。在相同浓度下，化学品 F 只对大肠杆菌有效，抑制直径为 14 毫米。
{"title":"Green Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Surfactant Compounds by Multicomponent Reactions and Their Antibacterial and Corrosion Inhibitor, Study on Carbon Steel Alloy in Acid Media 2 M HCl","authors":"Raneen Salim Al-Hilfi, Najlaa Zaki Al-Ameri, Mouhanad Jwad Al-Asadi","doi":"10.22146/ijc.80347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.80347","url":null,"abstract":"Heterocyclic 1,4-di(1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-yl)benzene (D) and two heterocyclic-cationic Gemini surfactant 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(5-decyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium)bromide (E) and 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(5-tetradecyl-1,3,5-dithiazinan-5-ium)bromide (F) were prepared and identified by FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopies, and GC–MS. Then, they were tested as corrosion inhibitors against carbon steel corrosion in 2.0 M aggressive HCl medium at 25 and 50 °C. They have different carbon chain tails, i.e., E (10 carbons), and F (14 carbons). These new heterocyclic and surfactant categories as corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion process has been studied electrochemically (Tafel Plot). The inhibition efficiency clarified that the decrease in IE(%) is in the order of F > E > D. The biological activity of compounds D and F was investigated using the aforementioned drilling procedure with a cork drill. At a dosage of 3000 mcg/mL, the biological action of compound D demonstrated effective resistance against the two types of negative bacteria. The cation has a diameter of 20 mm against E. coli and 19 mm against S. epidermis bacteria. At the same concentration, the chemical F is solely effective against E. coli with an inhibition diameter of 14 mm.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indah Mutiara Putri, Ferlana Debbora Dachi, D. Fitriastuti, M. Mardjan
A green, convenient, and scalable synthesis of alcohols through the reduction of aldehydes and ketones has been developed. The green reduction was conducted using two different methods, namely sonochemistry and mechanochemistry. In the former method, the solution of aldehydes or ketones and sodium borohydride was irradiated under ultrasound irradiation. In the latter technique, the reaction mixture was ground under solvent-free conditions. The reduction reaction was performed at room temperature and completed in only 10 min using both protocols. The results showed that aldehydes and ketones with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic motifs were tolerated under the reaction conditions, allowing the formation of the corresponding alcohols with the synthetic yields of 75–98% and 77–95% for grinding and sonication methods, respectively. In addition, the reaction can be carried out on a multigram scale.
{"title":"Sonochemical and Mechanochemical Synthesis of Alcohols from Aldehydes and Ketones","authors":"Indah Mutiara Putri, Ferlana Debbora Dachi, D. Fitriastuti, M. Mardjan","doi":"10.22146/ijc.82943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.82943","url":null,"abstract":"A green, convenient, and scalable synthesis of alcohols through the reduction of aldehydes and ketones has been developed. The green reduction was conducted using two different methods, namely sonochemistry and mechanochemistry. In the former method, the solution of aldehydes or ketones and sodium borohydride was irradiated under ultrasound irradiation. In the latter technique, the reaction mixture was ground under solvent-free conditions. The reduction reaction was performed at room temperature and completed in only 10 min using both protocols. The results showed that aldehydes and ketones with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic motifs were tolerated under the reaction conditions, allowing the formation of the corresponding alcohols with the synthetic yields of 75–98% and 77–95% for grinding and sonication methods, respectively. In addition, the reaction can be carried out on a multigram scale.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meriem Outaki, M. Zefzoufi, Amal Sammama, Khadija El Gadali, R. Fdil, Layla El Gaini
Components of medicinal plants have many pharmacological activities, including antioxidant activity, playing an important role in limiting oxidative stress that can cause several damages. This paper characterizes polyphenols of Retama monosperma L., Berberis vulgaris L. and Ricinus communis L. plant extracts and evaluates their antioxidant activity by DPPH, conjugated diene and TBARS assay. To ensure the quality of analytical results, this paper presents performance criteria of the validated method using UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS. Regarding method validation, the results confirm different used tests and evaluate detection and quantification limits. Concerning the characterization and study of antioxidant activity, realized testing showed that R. monosperma is rich in isoflavone, flavone and flavonol. For R. communis, we notice the presence of rutin as a major compound. Meanwhile, B. vulgaris contains significant amounts of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid. These plant extracts have high antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
药用植物的成分具有多种药理活性，包括抗氧化活性，在限制可导致多种损害的氧化应激方面发挥着重要作用。本文描述了 Retama monosperma L.、Berberis vulgaris L.和 Ricinus communis L.植物提取物中多酚的特征，并通过 DPPH、共轭二烯和 TBARS 分析评估了它们的抗氧化活性。为确保分析结果的质量，本文介绍了采用超高效液相色谱/二元衍射/电喷雾串联质谱（UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS）验证方法的性能标准。在方法验证方面，结果确认了不同的测试方法，并评估了检测和定量限。关于抗氧化活性的表征和研究，实现的测试表明，单果芸香科植物富含异黄酮、黄酮和黄酮醇。我们注意到 R. communis 的主要化合物是芦丁。同时，B. vulgaris 还含有大量的没食子酸和对香豆酸。由于酚类化合物的存在，这些植物提取物具有很高的抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Phenolic Compounds from Moroccan Retama monosperma L. Boiss, Berberis vulgaris L. and Ricinus communis L.: Characterization, Antioxidant Activity and Performance Criteria of the Validated Method Using UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS","authors":"Meriem Outaki, M. Zefzoufi, Amal Sammama, Khadija El Gadali, R. Fdil, Layla El Gaini","doi":"10.22146/ijc.87157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.87157","url":null,"abstract":"Components of medicinal plants have many pharmacological activities, including antioxidant activity, playing an important role in limiting oxidative stress that can cause several damages. This paper characterizes polyphenols of Retama monosperma L., Berberis vulgaris L. and Ricinus communis L. plant extracts and evaluates their antioxidant activity by DPPH, conjugated diene and TBARS assay. To ensure the quality of analytical results, this paper presents performance criteria of the validated method using UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS. Regarding method validation, the results confirm different used tests and evaluate detection and quantification limits. Concerning the characterization and study of antioxidant activity, realized testing showed that R. monosperma is rich in isoflavone, flavone and flavonol. For R. communis, we notice the presence of rutin as a major compound. Meanwhile, B. vulgaris contains significant amounts of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid. These plant extracts have high antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofiah Hamzah, N. Rasit, Nurul Aqilah Mohamad, M. Harun, A. A. Azmi, N. Hairom, Ahmad Ariff Fahmi Mustofa, Mohd Salleh Amri Zahid, N. Yatim, N. Kasan
The rapid development of the aquaculture industry has contributed to the high amount of nutrients in wastewater that subsequently led to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. Aquaculture wastewater consists of uneaten fish feed, fecal and other excretion or residue of chemicals used. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of hybrid coagulants of Moringa oleifera (MO) and copperas for aquaculture wastewater treatment. In this present study, different formulations of MO and copperas were explored in the coagulation treatment of aquaculture wastewater using a jar test experiment. The FTIR and SEM analysis are used to determine the morphology and surface of MO. This study focuses on the effect of coagulant aids formulation, coagulant dosage, the effect of initial pH and coagulation time on turbidity and ammonia removal in the coagulation of aquaculture wastewater. The finding shows that the highest removal of turbidity and ammonia was obtained with the use of 80% MO and 20% copperas at the condition of initial pH of 6 at 20 min of coagulation time, with the highest percentage removal of 66% and 91%, respectively. The coagulation isotherm of hybrid coagulant 80:20 is well described with the Freundlich isotherm model which describes the surface heterogeneity.
{"title":"Integration of Copperas and Moringa oleifera Seeds as Hybrid Coagulant for Turbidity and Ammonia Removal from Aquaculture Wastewater","authors":"Sofiah Hamzah, N. Rasit, Nurul Aqilah Mohamad, M. Harun, A. A. Azmi, N. Hairom, Ahmad Ariff Fahmi Mustofa, Mohd Salleh Amri Zahid, N. Yatim, N. Kasan","doi":"10.22146/ijc.83634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.83634","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of the aquaculture industry has contributed to the high amount of nutrients in wastewater that subsequently led to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. Aquaculture wastewater consists of uneaten fish feed, fecal and other excretion or residue of chemicals used. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of hybrid coagulants of Moringa oleifera (MO) and copperas for aquaculture wastewater treatment. In this present study, different formulations of MO and copperas were explored in the coagulation treatment of aquaculture wastewater using a jar test experiment. The FTIR and SEM analysis are used to determine the morphology and surface of MO. This study focuses on the effect of coagulant aids formulation, coagulant dosage, the effect of initial pH and coagulation time on turbidity and ammonia removal in the coagulation of aquaculture wastewater. The finding shows that the highest removal of turbidity and ammonia was obtained with the use of 80% MO and 20% copperas at the condition of initial pH of 6 at 20 min of coagulation time, with the highest percentage removal of 66% and 91%, respectively. The coagulation isotherm of hybrid coagulant 80:20 is well described with the Freundlich isotherm model which describes the surface heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"34 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yayuk Astuti, F. A. Zaqia, Aulia Zahra Ekaningsih, Gunawan Gunawan, Adi Darmawan
This research is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of a composite material that may be used as a battery electrode. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) was synthesized from Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, Na2SO4, and NaOH mixed with commercial activated carbon and graphite. The composite formation process was carried out using the hydrothermal method at 110 °C for 5 h. The characterization data indicated the composites produced contained Bi2O3 with a monoclinic crystal system, and Bi2O3 particles were evenly distributed in the composite. The composites were characterized to be mesoporous, with the electrical conductivity reaching 10−1 S m−1. The development of this composite material has potential applications in the field of energy storage, particularly in the development of battery anode.
{"title":"Improving the Electrical Conductivity of the Composite Comprising Bismuth Oxide, Activated Carbon, and Graphite for Use as a Battery Anode","authors":"Yayuk Astuti, F. A. Zaqia, Aulia Zahra Ekaningsih, Gunawan Gunawan, Adi Darmawan","doi":"10.22146/ijc.74155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.74155","url":null,"abstract":"This research is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of a composite material that may be used as a battery electrode. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) was synthesized from Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, Na2SO4, and NaOH mixed with commercial activated carbon and graphite. The composite formation process was carried out using the hydrothermal method at 110 °C for 5 h. The characterization data indicated the composites produced contained Bi2O3 with a monoclinic crystal system, and Bi2O3 particles were evenly distributed in the composite. The composites were characterized to be mesoporous, with the electrical conductivity reaching 10−1 S m−1. The development of this composite material has potential applications in the field of energy storage, particularly in the development of battery anode.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Zetra, R. Burhan, S. Sulistiyono, Arizal Firmansyah, Darin Salsabila
A study of the sedimentary rocks of the Ngrayong formation has been carried out on five samples from the Polaman outcrop point to determine the potential of coal as a source rock for producing oil and gas through GC-MS analysis. Biomarker analysis shows the presence of n-alkanes (C16-C36) with a bimodal distribution, indicating that the source of organic material in sedimentary rocks comes from bacteria, algae, and vascular plants, which is supported by several parameters such as CPI, OEP, LHCPI, wax index, ACL and AlkTerr values. This dominant source of terrigenous organic matter is also proven by the TAR value, C31/C19, C29/C17 ratio, and several aromatic compounds and their derivatives. Bacterial input as an organic source of allouchtonic sedimentary rocks is also proven by the presence of hopanoid, de-A-lupane biomarkers, and C17/C31 ratio. The oxic deposition environment is indicated by the Pr/Ph ratio. CPI and OEP parameters, C29 bb/ab ratio > 0.15 and C31 22S/(22S+22R) < 1 indicate low maturity of the sediment sample. Several parameters and the presence of biomarkers stated above conclude that Ngrayong coal as a source rock has the potential to produce oil and gas.
{"title":"Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Ngrayong Formation Polaman Sediment Rock, Northeast Java Basin-Indonesia","authors":"Y. Zetra, R. Burhan, S. Sulistiyono, Arizal Firmansyah, Darin Salsabila","doi":"10.22146/ijc.83534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.83534","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the sedimentary rocks of the Ngrayong formation has been carried out on five samples from the Polaman outcrop point to determine the potential of coal as a source rock for producing oil and gas through GC-MS analysis. Biomarker analysis shows the presence of n-alkanes (C16-C36) with a bimodal distribution, indicating that the source of organic material in sedimentary rocks comes from bacteria, algae, and vascular plants, which is supported by several parameters such as CPI, OEP, LHCPI, wax index, ACL and AlkTerr values. This dominant source of terrigenous organic matter is also proven by the TAR value, C31/C19, C29/C17 ratio, and several aromatic compounds and their derivatives. Bacterial input as an organic source of allouchtonic sedimentary rocks is also proven by the presence of hopanoid, de-A-lupane biomarkers, and C17/C31 ratio. The oxic deposition environment is indicated by the Pr/Ph ratio. CPI and OEP parameters, C29 bb/ab ratio > 0.15 and C31 22S/(22S+22R) < 1 indicate low maturity of the sediment sample. Several parameters and the presence of biomarkers stated above conclude that Ngrayong coal as a source rock has the potential to produce oil and gas.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Schiff base ligand derived from 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 5-amino-2-methylphenol were synthesized. The ligand was synthesized by the reaction between the mentioned ketone and amine in 1:2 molar ratio, respectively. The four metal complexes were synthesized by refluxing the ligand with the related metal(II) chloride salts. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, UV-visible, 1H-NMR, conductivity, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, and thermogravimetric analysis. According to the results, the chelation between metals and ligand occurs with the imine groups and the deprotonated hydroxyl groups of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 5-amino-2-methylphenol in the ligand. The conductivity test of the four complexes shows the non-electrolytic nature of them. The magnetic susceptibility values of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes are 4.20, 4.11, 2.97, and 2.34 B.M, respectively. The thermogravimetric and atomic absorption analyses suggest the general chemical formula for the complexes is [M2(L)(H2O)6]. In addition, the ligand and one of its metal complexes (Co(II) complex) were examined against breast cancer cells, and they gave the IC50 of 101.24 and 129.2 µg/mL, respectively. This result suggests that Co(II) complex is a better anti-cancer agent in comparison with the ligand.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Breast Anti-cancer Activity of Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes with a Hexadentate Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone with 5-Amino-2-methylphenol","authors":"Riyam Baqer Ibrahim, S. T. Saad","doi":"10.22146/ijc.85611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.85611","url":null,"abstract":"The complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Schiff base ligand derived from 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 5-amino-2-methylphenol were synthesized. The ligand was synthesized by the reaction between the mentioned ketone and amine in 1:2 molar ratio, respectively. The four metal complexes were synthesized by refluxing the ligand with the related metal(II) chloride salts. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, UV-visible, 1H-NMR, conductivity, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, and thermogravimetric analysis. According to the results, the chelation between metals and ligand occurs with the imine groups and the deprotonated hydroxyl groups of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 5-amino-2-methylphenol in the ligand. The conductivity test of the four complexes shows the non-electrolytic nature of them. The magnetic susceptibility values of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes are 4.20, 4.11, 2.97, and 2.34 B.M, respectively. The thermogravimetric and atomic absorption analyses suggest the general chemical formula for the complexes is [M2(L)(H2O)6]. In addition, the ligand and one of its metal complexes (Co(II) complex) were examined against breast cancer cells, and they gave the IC50 of 101.24 and 129.2 µg/mL, respectively. This result suggests that Co(II) complex is a better anti-cancer agent in comparison with the ligand.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gusliani Eka Putri, S. Arief, A. H. Ritonga, Wiya Elsa Fitri, Eliza Arman, Arniat Christian Telaumbanu, Rahmi Novita Yusuf
The approach to the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) using plants as capping agents has been widely researched because of its eco-friendly, low-cost, simple, effective, and reusability. In this research, we used Moringa oleifera leaf extract-mediated CeO2NPs. CeO2NPs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and DRS UV-vis. The photocatalytic activity of CeO2NPs was tested using a phenol dye concentration of 7 mg/L with variations in photocatalyst weight of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mg under UV irradiation, respectively, with time variations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 150 min. SEM and TEM morphology results showed that the CeO2NPs were spherical and agglomerated. The crystal structure is cubic, with a crystal size of 18 nm with a band gap of 2.87 eV. CeO2NPs showed high photo-degradation phenol dye of 94.45% under visible light in 120 min irradiation time. The results show that M. oleifera leaf extract could be as inexpensive and safe for synthesizing other metal oxide nanoparticles, potentially having applications in the biomedical and environmental fields.
{"title":"The Green Approach of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle and Its Application for Photo-degradation of Phenol Dye","authors":"Gusliani Eka Putri, S. Arief, A. H. Ritonga, Wiya Elsa Fitri, Eliza Arman, Arniat Christian Telaumbanu, Rahmi Novita Yusuf","doi":"10.22146/ijc.81657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.81657","url":null,"abstract":"The approach to the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) using plants as capping agents has been widely researched because of its eco-friendly, low-cost, simple, effective, and reusability. In this research, we used Moringa oleifera leaf extract-mediated CeO2NPs. CeO2NPs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and DRS UV-vis. The photocatalytic activity of CeO2NPs was tested using a phenol dye concentration of 7 mg/L with variations in photocatalyst weight of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mg under UV irradiation, respectively, with time variations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 150 min. SEM and TEM morphology results showed that the CeO2NPs were spherical and agglomerated. The crystal structure is cubic, with a crystal size of 18 nm with a band gap of 2.87 eV. CeO2NPs showed high photo-degradation phenol dye of 94.45% under visible light in 120 min irradiation time. The results show that M. oleifera leaf extract could be as inexpensive and safe for synthesizing other metal oxide nanoparticles, potentially having applications in the biomedical and environmental fields.","PeriodicalId":13515,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"20 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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