Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 12-24 Bulan di Desa Karya Mulya, Provinsi Riau

Sri Susi Ayuni, Eka Roshifita Rizqi, Lira Mufti Azzahri Isnaeni
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Abstract

The factors that cause stunting in toddlers include incomplete immunization of toddlers, failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding or early weaning, and inappropriate provision of Complementary feeding (MP-ASI). The research aims to analyze the factors causing the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12–24 months in Karya Mulya Village in 2023. The type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in April 2023 with a sample size of 52 mothers of toddlers aged 12–24 months using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires, Maternal Child Health books, and body length measurements. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis with the Fisher Exact Test. The results of the univariate analysis showed that 9 toddlers (17.3%) experienced stunting, 21 toddlers (40.4%) did not give exclusive breast milk at the age of 0–6 months, 27 toddlers (51.9%) gave complementary feeding incorrectly. The Fisher Exact Test results found that there was no relationship between complete immunization and the incidence of stunting (p-value=1.000), there was a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting (p-value=0.002), there was a relationship between giving complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting (p-value=0.025). The conclusion is that there is no significant relationship between the completeness of immunization in toddlers, but there is a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and Complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12–24 months in Karya Mulya Village in 2023. It is hoped that mothers of toddlers will continue to monitor the growth of toddlers every month, providing routine immunizations, exclusive breastfeeding, and MP-ASI by guidelines to prevent stunting.  
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廖内省 Karya Mulya 村 12-24 月龄幼儿发育迟缓的原因
导致幼儿发育迟缓的因素包括幼儿免疫接种不全、未能提供纯母乳喂养或过早断奶,以及辅食添加不当(MP-ASI)。本研究旨在分析导致 2023 年 Karya Mulya 村 12-24 个月幼儿发育迟缓的因素。研究类型为横截面设计的定量研究。研究于 2023 年 4 月进行,采用总体抽样技术,样本量为 52 名 12-24 个月幼儿的母亲。数据收集使用了调查问卷、《母婴健康手册》和身长测量。数据分析采用了单变量分析和双变量分析,并进行了费雪精确检验。单变量分析结果显示,9 名幼儿(17.3%)出现发育迟缓,21 名幼儿(40.4%)在 0-6 个月大时未给予纯母乳喂养,27 名幼儿(51.9%)给予的辅食不正确。费舍尔精确检验结果发现,完全免疫接种与发育迟缓发生率之间没有关系(p 值=1.000),纯母乳喂养与发育迟缓发生率之间有关系(p 值=0.002),添加辅食与发育迟缓发生率之间有关系(p 值=0.025)。结论是,2023 年 Karya Mulya 村 12-24 个月幼儿的免疫接种完成率之间没有显著关系,但纯母乳喂养和辅食添加与发育迟缓发生率之间存在显著关系。希望幼儿的母亲能继续每月监测幼儿的生长情况,按照指南提供常规免疫接种、纯母乳喂养和 MP-ASI,以预防发育迟缓。
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