Statistical Features of Polar Cap North and South Indices in Response to Interplanetary and Terrestrial Conditions: A Revisit

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1029/2024sw003856
Jong‐Sun Park, Quan Qi Shi, O. Troshichev, Khan‐Hyuk Kim, J. Shue, T. Pitkänen, Hui Zhang
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Abstract

In this study, we investigate statistical features of polar cap north (PCN) and south (PCS) indices in response to various interplanetary conditions (interplanetary magnetic field [IMF] orientation in three‐dimensions) and terrestrial conditions (seasonal and magnetic local time [MLT] locations of the index stations). The concurrent PCN‐PCS pairs for 1998–2002 and 2004–2018 are divided based on their sign type (positive‐positive, negative‐negative, negative‐positive, and positive‐negative PCN‐PCS pairs) and time coverage (the times when both index stations are in the dawn/dusk MLT sector during northern summer/winter). Analyzing the IMF orientation dependence on the occurrence probabilities of concurrent indices and on the differences between the indices in various sign types for each time coverage reveals that the statistical features in PCN‐PCS pairs obtained in the dawn MLT sector can be largely explained by the effects of the three‐component IMF (related to the polar cap convection patterns) combined with season (related to the hemispheric asymmetry in solar illumination‐induced ionospheric conductance). However, those obtained in the dusk MLT sector are controlled dominantly by seasonal effects rather than IMF orientation effects. Our findings indicate that PCN‐PCS pair data provide local views about the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere (SW‐M‐I) coupling system with different control efficiencies of IMF orientation and season depending on the MLT location of the stations. Therefore, introducing polar cap indices recorded simultaneously at various locations in both hemispheres and analyzing them are strongly required to infer global views of the coupled SW‐M‐I system in the open field regions with higher confidence.
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极冠南北指数的统计特征与星际和地球条件的关系:重新审视
在本研究中,我们研究了极冠北(PCN)和极冠南(PCS)指数的统计特征对各种行星际条件(行星际磁场[IMF]三维方位)和陆地条件(指数站的季节和磁当地时间[MLT]位置)的响应。根据符号类型(正-正、负-负、负-正、正-负 PCN-PCS 对)和时间覆盖范围(两个指数站在北方夏季/冬季黎明/黄昏 MLT 扇区的时间),将 1998-2002 年和 2004-2018 年的 PCN-PCS 同期对进行划分。分析 IMF 方向对并发指数出现概率的依赖性以及对每个时间覆盖范围内各种符号类型的指数之间差异的依赖性,可以发现在黎明 MLT 扇区获得的 PCN-PCS 对中的统计特征在很大程度上可以用三分量 IMF(与极盖对流模式有关)与季节(与太阳光照引起的电离层传导的半球不对称有关)的影响来解释。然而,在黄昏 MLT 扇区获得的数据主要受季节效应而非 IMF 方向效应的控制。我们的研究结果表明,PCN-PCS 对数据提供了太阳风-磁层-电离层(SW-M-I)耦合系统的局部视图,根据台站的 MLT 位置,IMF 方向和季节的控制效率不同。因此,非常有必要引入在两个半球不同地点同时记录的极冠指数并对其进行分析,以便以更高的置信度推断空场区域的SW-M-I耦合系统的全球视图。
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