Mitigation of the Brighter-fatter Effect in the LSST Camera

IF 4.3 3区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ACS Applied Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1088/1538-3873/ad3aa2
Alex Broughton, Y. Utsumi, A. A. Plazas Malagón, Chris Waters, Craig Lage, Adam Snyder, Andrew Rasmussen, Stuart Marshall, Jim Chiang, Simona Murgia, A. Roodman
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Abstract

Thick, fully depleted charge-coupled devices are known to exhibit nonlinear behavior at high signal levels due to the dynamic behavior of charges collecting in the potential wells of pixels, called the brighter-fatter effect (BFE). The effect results in distorted images of bright calibration stars, creating a flux-dependent point-spread function that if left unmitigated, could make up a large fraction of the error budget in Stage IV weak-lensing (WL) surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). In this paper, we analyze image measurements of flat fields and artificial stars taken at different illumination levels with the LSST Camera (LSSTCam) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in order to quantify this effect in the LSSTCam before and after a previously introduced correction technique. We observe that the BFE evolves anisotropically as a function of flux due to higher-order BFEs, which violates the fundamental assumption of this correction method. We then introduce a new method based on a physically motivated model to account for these higher-order terms in the correction, and then we test the modified correction on both data sets. We find that the new method corrects the effect in flat fields better than it corrects the effect in artificial stars, which we suggest is the result of sub-pixel physics not included in this correction model. We use these results to define a new metric for the full-well capacity of our sensors and advise image processing strategies to further limit the impact of the effect on LSST WL science pathways.
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减轻 LSST 相机的 "较亮-较暗 "效应
众所周知,由于像素电位井中电荷聚集的动态行为,厚的全耗尽电荷耦合器件在高信号水平下会表现出非线性行为,这被称为 "更亮-更亮效应"(BFE)。这种效应会导致明亮校准星的图像失真,从而产生依赖于通量的点散布函数,如果不加以缓解,就会在第四阶段弱透镜(WL)巡天(如时空遗留巡天(LSST))的误差预算中占很大比重。在本文中,我们分析了在 SLAC 国家加速器实验室使用 LSST 相机(LSSTCam)在不同照明水平下对平场和人造星进行的图像测量,以量化 LSSTCam 在采用之前和之后的校正技术所产生的这种效应。我们观察到,由于高阶 BFE 的存在,BFE 随通量的变化呈各向异性,这违反了该校正方法的基本假设。随后,我们引入了一种基于物理模型的新方法,以考虑修正中的这些高阶项,并在两个数据集上对修正后的方法进行了测试。我们发现,新方法对平场效应的校正效果要好于对人造星效应的校正效果。我们利用这些结果为我们传感器的全井容量定义了一个新的指标,并提出了图像处理策略建议,以进一步限制该效应对 LSST WL 科学途径的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
4.30%
发文量
567
期刊介绍: ACS Applied Electronic Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of electronic materials. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials science, engineering, optics, physics, and chemistry into important applications of electronic materials. Sample research topics that span the journal's scope are inorganic, organic, ionic and polymeric materials with properties that include conducting, semiconducting, superconducting, insulating, dielectric, magnetic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and thermoelectric. Indexed/​Abstracted: Web of Science SCIE Scopus CAS INSPEC Portico
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