Detecting Abnormal Eye Movements in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases – Current Insights

IF 3.1 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.2147/EB.S384769

Akila Sekar, Muriel Panouillères, Diego Kaski

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Abstract

Abstract This review delineates the ocular motor disturbances across a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), atypical parkinsonism, and others, leveraging advancements in eye-tracking technology for enhanced diagnostic precision. We delve into the different classes of eye movements, their clinical assessment, and specific abnormalities manifesting in these diseases, highlighting the nuanced differences and shared patterns. For instance, AD and ADRD are characterized by increased saccadic latencies and instability in fixation, while PD features saccadic hypometria and mild smooth pursuit impairments. Atypical parkinsonism, notably Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS), presents with distinct ocular motor signatures such as vertical supranuclear gaze palsy and saccadic apraxia, respectively. Our review underscores the diagnostic value of eye movement analysis in differentiating between these disorders and also posits the existence of underlying common pathological mechanisms. We discuss how eye movements have potential as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases but also some of the existing limitations.

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检测神经退行性疾病患者的异常眼球运动 - 最新见解

摘要本综述描述了一系列神经退行性疾病的眼部运动障碍，包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）及相关疾病（ADRD）、帕金森病（PD）、非典型帕金森病等，并利用眼动追踪技术的进步提高了诊断的精确性。我们深入探讨了不同类别的眼球运动、其临床评估以及在这些疾病中表现出的特定异常，强调了细微的差异和共同的模式。例如，注意力缺失症（AD）和注意力缺陷综合症（ADRD）的特点是回视潜伏期增加和固定不稳定，而帕金森病（PD）的特点是回视减弱和轻度平滑追视障碍。非典型帕金森病，特别是进行性核上性麻痹（PSP）和皮质基底综合征（CBS），分别表现为垂直核上性凝视麻痹和眼球运动障碍。我们的综述强调了眼球运动分析在区分这些疾病方面的诊断价值，同时也认为存在潜在的共同病理机制。我们讨论了眼动如何具有作为神经退行性疾病生物标记物的潜力，以及现有的一些局限性。

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来源期刊

Eye and Brain OPHTHALMOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

2.30%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： Eye and Brain is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on basic research, clinical findings, and expert reviews in the field of visual science and neuro-ophthalmology. The journal’s unique focus is the link between two well-known visual centres, the eye and the brain, with an emphasis on the importance of such connections. All aspects of clinical and especially basic research on the visual system are addressed within the journal as well as significant future directions in vision research and therapeutic measures. This unique journal focuses on neurological aspects of vision – both physiological and pathological. The scope of the journal spans from the cornea to the associational visual cortex and all the visual centers in between. Topics range from basic biological mechanisms to therapeutic treatment, from simple organisms to humans, and utilizing techniques from molecular biology to behavior. The journal especially welcomes primary research articles or review papers that make the connection between the eye and the brain. Specific areas covered in the journal include: Physiology and pathophysiology of visual centers, Eye movement disorders and strabismus, Cellular, biochemical, and molecular features of the visual system, Structural and functional organization of the eye and of the visual cortex, Metabolic demands of the visual system, Diseases and disorders with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, Clinical and experimental neuro-ophthalmology and visual system pathologies, Epidemiological studies.