ADHD medication adherence reduces risk of committing minor offenses in adolescents

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI:10.1111/jcpp.13997

Paul T. Rosenau, Andrea Dietrich, Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker, Pieter J. Hoekstra

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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between adolescents’ adherence to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication and their risk of committing minor offenses.

Methods

Using two Dutch databases, Statistics Netherlands (CBS) and the Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics (SFK), we aimed to investigate the association between adherence to ADHD medication and registered minor offenses between 2005 and 2019 of 18,234 adolescents (12–18 years). We used Cox regression analyses to compare the rate of committing minor offenses of adolescents during periods of high ADHD medication adherence compared to periods of low adherence (i.e., periods with or without sufficient amounts of dispensed medication). We additionally tested associations with adherence to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as control medication and analyzed potential reverse causation.

Results

High ADHD medication adherence was associated with a reduced risk of committing a minor offense of between 33% and 38% compared to low adherence periods of ≥3 months (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67, confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.71) or ≥6 months (HR 0.62, CI 0.59–0.65). The reduction in risk can likely be attributed to ADHD medication, given the absence of effects of SSRIs and no reverse causation. The reduction rate remained between 16% and 55% per sex, stimulant versus non-stimulant medication, different offense categories and further sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Among adolescents using ADHD medication, rates of criminality were lower during periods of high medication adherence, suggesting that adherence to ADHD medication may contribute to prevention of minor offenses in adolescents.

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坚持服用多动症药物可降低青少年轻微犯罪的风险

方法我们利用荷兰统计局（CBS）和药物统计基金会（SFK）的两个荷兰数据库，调查了2005年至2019年期间18234名青少年（12-18岁）的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）药物治疗依从性与登记的轻微犯罪之间的关系。我们使用 Cox 回归分析比较了青少年在多动症药物治疗依从性高的时期与依从性低的时期（即有或没有足量配药的时期）的轻微犯罪率。结果与≥3个月（危险比[HR]0.67，置信区间[CI]0.64-0.71）或≥6个月（HR 0.62，CI 0.59-0.65）的低依从性时期相比，ADHD药物依从性高与轻微犯罪风险降低33%至38%有关。鉴于SSRIs没有影响，也没有反向因果关系，因此风险的降低很可能归因于ADHD药物治疗。结论在使用ADHD药物治疗的青少年中，在药物治疗依从性高的时期犯罪率较低，这表明坚持ADHD药物治疗可能有助于预防青少年轻微犯罪。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

169

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) is a highly regarded international publication that focuses on the fields of child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. It is recognized for publishing top-tier, clinically relevant research across various disciplines related to these areas. JCPP has a broad global readership and covers a diverse range of topics, including: Epidemiology: Studies on the prevalence and distribution of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Diagnosis: Research on the identification and classification of childhood disorders. Treatments: Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for child and adolescent mental health. Behavior and Cognition: Studies on the behavioral and cognitive aspects of childhood disorders. Neuroscience and Neurobiology: Research on the neural and biological underpinnings of child mental health. Genetics: Genetic factors contributing to the development of childhood disorders. JCPP serves as a platform for integrating empirical research, clinical studies, and high-quality reviews from diverse perspectives, theoretical viewpoints, and disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach is a key feature of the journal, as it fosters a comprehensive understanding of child and adolescent mental health. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry is published 12 times a year and is affiliated with the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH), which supports the journal's mission to advance knowledge and practice in the field of child and adolescent mental health.