Adverse effects of crushed seafloor massive sulphide deposits on the boreal deep-sea sponge Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 and its associated fauna

IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104311
Erik Wurz , Linn M.Brekke Olsen , Kathrin Busch , Tone Ulvatn , Hans T. Rapp , Ronald Osinga , Albertinka J. Murk
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Abstract

Abundant mineral resources in the deep sea are prospected for mining for the global metal market. Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are one of the potential sources for these metals. The extraction of SMS deposits will expose adjacent marine ecosystems to suspended particle plumes charged with elevated concentrations of heavy metals and other potentially toxic compounds. Up to date there is no information about the impact of mining activities on deep-sea benthic ecosystems such as abundant deep-sea sponge grounds in the North Atlantic Ocean. Sponge grounds play a major role in benthic-pelagic coupling and represent an important habitat for a diversity of vertebrates, invertebrates and microorganisms. To simulate the effects of mining plumes on benthic life in the deep sea, we exposed Geodia barretti, a dominant sponge species in the North Atlantic Ocean, and an associated brittle star species from the genus Ophiura spp. to a field-relevant concentration of 30 mg L−1 suspended particles of crushed SMS deposits. Three weeks of exposure to suspended particles of crushed SMS resulted in a tenfold higher rate of tissue necrosis in sponges. All brittle stars in the experiment perished within ten days of exposure. SMS particles were evidently accumulated in the sponge's mesohyl and concentrations of iron and copper were 10 times elevated in SMS exposed individuals. Oxygen consumption and clearance rates were significantly retarded after the exposure to SMS particles, hampering the physiological performance of G. barretti. These adverse effects of crushed SMS deposits on G. barretti and its associated brittle star species potentially cascade in disruptions of benthic-pelagic coupling processes in the deep sea. More elaborate studies are advisable to identify threshold levels, management concepts and mitigation measures to minimize the impact of deep-sea mining plumes on benthic life.

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破碎海底块状硫化物矿床对北方深海海绵 Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 及其相关动物群的不利影响
深海中丰富的矿产资源正被勘探开采,以满足全球金属市场的需求。沿大西洋中脊的海底块状硫化物(SMS)矿床是这些金属的潜在来源之一。开采海底块状硫化物矿床会使邻近的海洋生态系统暴露在重金属和其他潜在有毒化合物浓度较高的悬浮颗粒羽流中。迄今为止,还没有关于采矿活动对深海海底生态系统(如北大西洋丰富的深海海绵地)影响的信息。海绵地在海底-深海耦合中发挥着重要作用,是多种脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和微生物的重要栖息地。为了模拟采矿羽流对深海底栖生物的影响,我们将北大西洋的主要海绵物种 Geodia barretti 和相关的脆星属物种 Ophiura spp.暴露在浓度为 30 毫克/升-1 的破碎 SMS 沉积物悬浮颗粒中。接触破碎的 SMS 悬浮颗粒三周后,海绵组织坏死率增加了十倍。实验中的所有脆海星都在接触后十天内死亡。SMS 颗粒明显积聚在海绵的介壳中,接触 SMS 的个体体内铁和铜的浓度高出 10 倍。暴露于 SMS 颗粒后,耗氧量和清除率明显降低,从而影响了 G. barretti 的生理表现。破碎的 SMS 沉积物对巴氏栉水母及其相关脆星物种的这些不利影响可能会导致深海底栖-深海耦合过程的破坏。最好进行更详细的研究,以确定阈值水平、管理概念和缓解措施,尽量减少深海采矿羽流对底栖生物的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
4.20%
发文量
144
审稿时长
18.3 weeks
期刊介绍: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers is devoted to the publication of the results of original scientific research, including theoretical work of evident oceanographic applicability; and the solution of instrumental or methodological problems with evidence of successful use. The journal is distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature and its breadth, covering the geological, physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean and its boundaries with the sea floor and the atmosphere. In addition to regular "Research Papers" and "Instruments and Methods" papers, briefer communications may be published as "Notes". Supplemental matter, such as extensive data tables or graphs and multimedia content, may be published as electronic appendices.
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