Morphological and functional analyses for investigation of sexually selected legs in the frog legged beetle Sagra femorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.asd.2024.101360
Masako Katsuki , Kaoru Uesugi , Tomoyuki Yokoi , Takane Ozawa , Devin M. O'Brien , Douglas J. Emlen , Kensuke Okada , Yasukazu Okada
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Abstract

Mate choice and male–male combat over successful mating often cause disproportionate exaggeration of male trait relative to body size. However, the exaggeration is often not the only trait involved with male–male combat and mate choice: suites of co-expressed traits may function together as a coordinated unit. When this occurs, dimorphism may be expected for these additional, non-exaggerated, structures. S. femorata males have disproportionately large hind-legs used in male–male combat over females. During the fights, fore- and mid-legs are used to keep males in positions where advantageous for leverage. Because use of the exaggerated hind-legs is coordinated with the other legs, they will coevolve as a functional unit. Here, we show that 1) S. femorata has sexual size differences in all three legs; 2) males show positive allometry in the relative sizes of all three legs; and 3) microstructures of tarsi on the fore- and mid-legs are also sexually dimorphic. Despite these differences in the tarsal microstructure, 4) adhesion forces of the tarsi had no sexual difference in flat surface. The microstructure would be specialized on attaching elytra surface. These results suggest that the three pairs of legs function together during fighting behavior, with hind-legs employed primarily for fighting, and the fore- and mid-legs functioning to grip females, keeping males positioned on the back of the female during combat.

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通过形态和功能分析研究蛙腿甲虫(鞘翅目:蝶形目)的性选择腿
为成功交配而进行的配偶选择和雄性之间的争斗往往会导致雄性特征相对于体型不成比例地夸大。然而,夸大性状往往不是雄性-雄性争斗和配偶选择所涉及的唯一性状:共同表达的成套性状可能作为一个协调单位共同发挥作用。当出现这种情况时,这些额外的、非夸张的结构可能会出现二态性。在雄性与雌性的搏斗中,股翅蜥雄性的后腿大得不成比例。在搏斗过程中,前腿和中腿被用来使雄性处于有利的杠杆位置。由于夸张后腿的使用是与其他腿协调进行的,因此它们将作为一个功能单元共同进化。在这里,我们发现:1)股蟾蜍的三条腿都存在性别大小差异;2)雄性三条腿的相对大小都呈现正异形;3)前腿和中腿上跗蹠的微观结构也存在性别二态性。尽管跗蹠的微观结构存在这些差异,4)跗蹠的附着力在平面上没有性别差异。跗节的微结构在附着于背鳍表面时会发生特化。这些结果表明,在搏斗行为中,三对腿共同起作用,后腿主要用于搏斗,前腿和中腿的作用是抓住雌性,使雄性在搏斗中保持在雌性背上的位置。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.
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