Human biomonitoring follow-up study on PFOA contamination and investigation of possible influencing factors on PFOA exposure in a German population originally exposed to emissions from a fluoropolymer production plant

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES International journal of hygiene and environmental health Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114387
Heidi Lahne , Doris Gerstner , Wolfgang Völkel , Wolfgang Schober , Bettina Aschenbrenner , Caroline Herr , Stefanie Heinze , Caroline Quartucci
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Abstract

Background

In the past, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was produced and applied as an emulsifier in a fluoropolymer production plant in the Altötting district, southern Bavaria (Germany). This chemical was released directly into the environment, resulting in the contamination of the local drinking water. During a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey in 2018, increased median PFOA blood serum levels, compared to a normally exposed control group with no known source of PFOA exposure from Munich, Germany, were detected in the resident population (23.18 μg/l in the general population, 20.71 μg/l in the children's group). The follow-up study aimed to investigate whether purification of the drinking water as the main PFOA exposure source has been successful in reducing internal PFOA exposure and to estimate the association of internal PFOA exposure with possible influencing factors.

Methods

Only individuals who had already participated in the HBM study in 2018 were included. For the determination of the PFOA serum concentration, 5 ml of blood was drawn from each participating person. Blood samples were collected in the period from June to August 2022. Furthermore, information on sociodemographic characteristics, health status, dietary behaviour and other lifestyle factors were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. To examine the association of PFOA blood serum levels with possible influencing factors, such as age, gender and consumption of fish and game meat, a logistic regression model with a PFOA value > 10 μg/l as outcome was used.

Results

A total of 764 individuals participated in the follow-up study in 2022. Analyses were performed separately for the general population (n = 559), women of reproductive age (15–49 years old) (n = 120), and children under 12 years old (n = 30). Median PFOA blood levels have decreased by 56.9% in the general population, by 59.8% in the group of women of reproductive age and by 73.4% in the group of children under 12 years old. In the general population, a higher probability of a PFOA value > 10 μg/l was found for those aged 40–59 years (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.23 to 4.43, p = 0.01) and those aged 60 years and older (OR = 5.32, 95%CI: 2.78 to 10.19, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In all study groups, the median PFOA serum levels decreased as expected after a half-life of four years, which confirms that contamination via drinking water has ceased. Furthermore, our study identified age as a significant predictor of internal PFOA exposure, while no influence was found for the consumption of fish and game meat. Further investigations are needed to quantify in a more detailed way the influence of dietary habits on PFOA exposure.

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关于全氟辛烷磺酸污染的人体生物监测跟踪研究,以及对最初接触含氟聚合物生产厂排放物的德国人群接触全氟辛烷磺酸的可能影响因素的调查
背景过去,德国巴伐利亚州南部 Altötting 地区的一家含氟聚合物生产厂生产并使用全氟辛酸(PFOA)作为乳化剂。这种化学物质被直接排放到环境中,导致当地饮用水受到污染。在 2018 年的一项人体生物监测(HBM)调查中,与德国慕尼黑的一个没有已知 PFOA 暴露源的正常暴露对照组相比,在常住人口中检测到 PFOA 血液血清中值水平升高(普通人群为 23.18 μg/l,儿童组为 20.71 μg/l)。后续研究旨在调查作为主要 PFOA 暴露源的饮用水净化是否成功地减少了体内 PFOA 暴露,并估计体内 PFOA 暴露与可能的影响因素之间的关联。方法仅纳入 2018 年已参与 HBM 研究的个人。为测定PFOA血清浓度,每位参与者抽取了5毫升血液。血样采集时间为 2022 年 6 月至 8 月。此外,还通过自填式问卷收集了有关社会人口特征、健康状况、饮食行为和其他生活方式因素的信息。为了研究血清中 PFOA 含量与可能的影响因素(如年龄、性别、鱼类和野味的食用量)之间的关系,我们使用了一个以 PFOA 值 > 10 μg/l 为结果的逻辑回归模型。分别对普通人群(559 人)、育龄妇女(15-49 岁)(120 人)和 12 岁以下儿童(30 人)进行了分析。普通人群的全氟辛烷磺酸血药浓度中值下降了 56.9%,育龄妇女下降了 59.8%,12 岁以下儿童下降了 73.4%。在普通人群中,40-59 岁人群中 PFOA 值为 10 μg/l 的概率较高(OR = 2.33(95%CI:1.23-4.43,p = 0.01)),60 岁及以上人群中 PFOA 值为 10 μg/l 的概率较高(OR = 5.结论在所有研究组中,中位 PFOA 血清水平在 4 年的半衰期后如预期般下降,这证实通过饮用水造成的污染已经停止。此外,我们的研究还发现,年龄是预测体内 PFOA 暴露的一个重要因素,而食用鱼类和野味没有影响。要更详细地量化饮食习惯对暴露于全氟辛烷磺酸的影响,还需要进一步的调查。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
151
审稿时长
22 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.
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