The Convergence of AI and Synthetic Biology: The Looming Deluge

Abstract

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and synthetic biology is rapidly accelerating the pace of biological discovery and engineering. AI techniques, such as large language models and biological design tools, are enabling the automated design, build, test, and learning cycles for engineered biological systems. This convergence promises to democratize synthetic biology and unlock novel applications across domains from medicine to environmental sustainability. However, it also poses significant risks around reliability, dual use, and governance. The opacity of AI models, the deskilling of workforces, and the outdated nature of current regulatory frameworks present challenges in ensuring responsible development. Urgent attention is needed to update governance structures, integrate human oversight into increasingly automated workflows, and foster a culture of responsibility among the growing community of bioengineers. Only by proactively addressing these issues can we realize the transformative potential of AI-driven synthetic biology while mitigating its risks.