Gender quota, women in politics, and gender parity in education

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI:10.1111/ecpo.12287
Alex O. Acheampong, Eric Evans Osei Opoku, Niharika Rustagi
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Abstract

Do women in politics contribute to gender parity in education? This study seeks to provide an empirical answer to this question by examining whether women in politics (women parliamentarians) contribute to closing the gender inequality in education using a global sample of 191 countries from 1990 to 2020. We deployed the two-stage least square (IV-TSLS) technique and gender quota as an instrument to isolate the exogenous effect of women in politics on gender parity in primary, secondary and tertiary education. The findings from the IV-TSLS estimators show that an increase in the number of female parliamentarians is associated with a significant increase in gender parity at all levels of education. These results survived several robustness checks, including using different estimators such as the Lewbel two-stage least squares and the Kinky least-squares estimators. Based on the quota type, we documented that women in politics significantly spur gender parity in education in countries with reserved seat quotas and not in countries with candidate quotas. We also found that the results differ across different geographical regions and income groups. The findings call on policy-makers to address societal, legal and structural barriers limiting women's political participation to achieve gender parity at all levels of education.

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性别配额、妇女参政和教育中的性别均等
从政女性是否有助于实现教育领域的性别均等?本研究以 1990 年至 2020 年全球 191 个国家为样本,考察了从政女性(女议员)是否有助于消除教育领域的性别不平等现象,旨在为这一问题提供实证答案。我们采用了两阶段最小二乘法(IV-TSLS)技术,并将性别配额作为工具,以分离女性参政对初等、中等和高等教育性别均等的外生影响。IV-TSLS 估计的结果表明,女议员人数的增加与各级教育中性别均等程度的显著提高有关。这些结果经受住了多次稳健性检验,包括使用不同的估计方法,如 Lewbel 两阶段最小二乘法和 Kinky 最小二乘法估计方法。根据配额类型,我们发现在实行保留席位配额制的国家,从政女性显著促进了教育领域的性别均等,而在实行候选人配额制的国家则没有。我们还发现,不同地理区域和收入群体的结果也不尽相同。研究结果呼吁政策制定者解决限制妇女参政的社会、法律和结构性障碍,以实现各级教育中的性别均等。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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