Validation of a low-cost lead hazard screening kit for the home environment

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI:10.1002/ieam.4934

Alyssa Wicks, Ornella Joseph, Jocelyn Keranen, Angela Herrmann, Marya Lieberman, Graham F. Peaslee, Matthew L. Sisk, Gabriel Filippelli, Heidi Beidinger-Burnett

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Abstract

The main sources of lead exposure for children occur in the home environment, yet no low-cost analytical methods exist to screen homes for lead hazards. Previously, an inexpensive (~$20), quantitative lead screening kit was developed in which residents collect soil, paint, and dust samples that are returned to a laboratory for lead analysis using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). This screening kit was initially validated in 2020; it was determined that in situ and ex situ XRF lead measurements on the same samples exhibited strong sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. As a follow-up to the initial validation, an implementation study and further statistical analyses were conducted. Correlation analysis using the results from nearly 400 screening kits identified an overall lack of correlation between sample types, reinforcing the utility of all eight sample locations. Principal component analysis searched for underlying correlations in sample types and provided evidence that both interior and exterior paint are major sources of lead hazards for Indiana homes. The implementation study compared the results of the government-standard lead inspection and risk assessment (LIRA) and the lead screening kit in 107 Indiana homes. In the United States, the LIRA is a thorough inspection of paint, dust, and soil that is usually state mandated in response to a child's elevated blood level and is used to identify where remediation efforts should be focused. The lead screening kit and LIRA agreed on the presence of lead in 79 of the 107 homes tested (74%). Discrepancies in agreement are likely the result of differences in the sample location and number of samples collected by each method. Overall, these results suggest that the lead screening kit is an acceptable resource that could be used to expand the services health departments provide for lead prevention. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1504–1513. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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验证低成本家庭环境铅危害筛查工具包

儿童铅暴露的主要来源是家庭环境，但目前还没有低成本的分析方法来筛查家庭中的铅危害。此前，人们开发了一种价格低廉（约 20 美元）的定量铅筛查工具包，居民可通过该工具包收集土壤、油漆和灰尘样本，然后将样本送回实验室，利用 X 射线荧光光谱法 (XRF) 进行铅分析。2020 年对该筛查工具包进行了初步验证；结果表明，对相同样本进行原位和非原位 XRF 铅测量具有很高的灵敏度、特异性和准确性。作为初步验证的后续行动，进行了一项实施研究和进一步的统计分析。利用近 400 个筛查试剂盒的结果进行的相关性分析表明，样本类型之间总体上缺乏相关性，从而加强了所有八个样本位置的实用性。主成分分析在样本类型中寻找潜在的相关性，并提供证据表明内部和外部涂料都是印第安纳州家庭铅危害的主要来源。该实施研究比较了政府标准的铅检查和风险评估（LIRA）以及印第安纳州 107 户家庭的铅筛查工具包的结果。在美国，铅检查和风险评估是对油漆、灰尘和土壤的彻底检查，通常是州政府针对儿童血铅水平升高而强制要求进行的，用于确定补救工作的重点。在接受检测的 107 户家庭中，有 79 户（74%）的铅筛查套件和 LIRA 检测结果一致。两者之间的差异可能是由于每种方法采集的样本位置和样本数量不同造成的。总之，这些结果表明，铅筛查工具包是一种可接受的资源，可用于扩大卫生部门提供的铅预防服务。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-10.© 2024 作者。综合环境评估与管理》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与amp; 化学学会 (SETAC) 出版。

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来源期刊

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.50%

发文量

156

期刊介绍： Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.

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