Assessing methods for detecting Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) and paralytic shellfish toxins in Southeast Alaska

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI:10.1002/ieam.4944

Juliana C. Cornett, Rebecca J. Cates, Kimberly J. Ledger, Cody W. Pinger, Courtney E. Hart, Katherine R. Laboda, Wesley A. Larson, Jordan A. Hollarsmith

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Abstract

Blooms of Alexandrium catenella threaten to disrupt subsistence, recreational, and commercial shellfish harvest in Alaska, as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced pose a serious public health risk and can lead to costly shutdowns for shellfish farmers. Current methods of PST detection in the region range from monitoring programs utilizing net tows to detect A. catenella to direct shellfish tissue testing via mouse bioassay (MBA) for commercial aquaculture harvest, as well as various optional testing methods for subsistence and recreational harvesters. The efficacy and feasibility of these methods vary, and they have not been directly compared in Southeast Alaska. In this study, we sought to assess and compare A. catenella and PST early detection methods to determine which can provide the most effective and accurate warning of A. catenella blooms or PST events. We found microscope counts to be variable and prone to missing lower numbers of A. catenella, which may be indicative of bloom formation. However, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) significantly correlated with microscope counts and was able to effectively detect even low numbers of A. catenella on all sampling days. Paralytic shellfish toxin concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and MBA significantly correlated with each other, qPCR, and some microscope counts. These results show that qPCR is an effective tool for both monitoring A. catenella and serving as a proxy for PSTs. Further work is needed to refine qPCR protocols in this system to provide bloom warnings on an actionable timescale for the aquaculture industry and other shellfish harvesters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2189–2202. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

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评估在阿拉斯加东南部检测亚历山大藻（盾形目）和麻痹性贝类毒素的方法。

由于产生的麻痹性贝类毒素 (PST) 会对公众健康构成严重威胁，并可能导致贝类养殖户停产，代价高昂，因此，阿拉斯加的鲶鱼亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)孳生威胁着自给性、娱乐性和商业性贝类收获。该地区目前的 PST 检测方法包括利用网拖检测 A. catenella 的监测计划、通过小鼠生物测定 (MBA) 对商业水产养殖收获的贝类组织进行直接检测，以及针对自给性和娱乐性收获者的各种可选检测方法。这些方法的有效性和可行性各不相同，在阿拉斯加东南部还没有进行过直接比较。在本研究中，我们试图评估并比较卡氏藻和 PST 早期检测方法，以确定哪种方法能最有效、最准确地预警卡氏藻藻华或 PST 事件。我们发现显微镜计数的结果不稳定，而且容易遗漏较低数量的卡氏囊藻，而这可能表明藻华已经形成。不过，定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）与显微镜计数有显著的相关性，在所有采样日都能有效检测到低数量的卡氏贝藻。用酶联免疫吸附测定法和 MBA 测定的麻痹性贝类毒素浓度与 qPCR 和一些显微镜计数之间存在明显的相关性。这些结果表明，qPCR 既是监测 A. catenella 的有效工具，也可作为 PST 的替代物。需要进一步改进该系统中的 qPCR 协议，以便为水产养殖业和其他贝类捕捞者提供可操作的时间尺度上的水华警告。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-14。© 2024 作者。综合环境评估与管理》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC) 出版。本文由美国政府雇员撰写，其作品在美国属于公共领域。

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来源期刊

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.50%

发文量

156

期刊介绍： Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.

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