Small-RNA-guided histone modifications and somatic genome elimination in ciliates.

IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1002/wrna.1848
Thomas Balan, Leticia Koch Lerner, Daniel Holoch, Sandra Duharcourt
{"title":"Small-RNA-guided histone modifications and somatic genome elimination in ciliates.","authors":"Thomas Balan, Leticia Koch Lerner, Daniel Holoch, Sandra Duharcourt","doi":"10.1002/wrna.1848","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transposable elements and other repeats are repressed by small-RNA-guided histone modifications in fungi, plants and animals. The specificity of silencing is achieved through base-pairing of small RNAs corresponding to the these genomic loci to nascent noncoding RNAs, which allows the recruitment of histone methyltransferases that methylate histone H3 on lysine 9. Self-reinforcing feedback loops enhance small RNA production and ensure robust and heritable repression. In the unicellular ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, small-RNA-guided histone modifications lead to the elimination of transposable elements and their remnants, a definitive form of repression. In this organism, germline and somatic functions are separated within two types of nuclei with different genomes. At each sexual cycle, development of the somatic genome is accompanied by the reproducible removal of approximately a third of the germline genome. Instead of recruiting a H3K9 methyltransferase, small RNAs corresponding to eliminated sequences tether Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, which in ciliates has the unique property of catalyzing both lysine 9 and lysine 27 trimethylation of histone H3. These histone modifications that are crucial for the elimination of transposable elements are thought to guide the endonuclease complex, which triggers double-strand breaks at these specific genomic loci. The comparison between ciliates and other eukaryotes underscores the importance of investigating small-RNAs-directed chromatin silencing in a diverse range of organisms. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action.</p>","PeriodicalId":23886,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1848","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Transposable elements and other repeats are repressed by small-RNA-guided histone modifications in fungi, plants and animals. The specificity of silencing is achieved through base-pairing of small RNAs corresponding to the these genomic loci to nascent noncoding RNAs, which allows the recruitment of histone methyltransferases that methylate histone H3 on lysine 9. Self-reinforcing feedback loops enhance small RNA production and ensure robust and heritable repression. In the unicellular ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, small-RNA-guided histone modifications lead to the elimination of transposable elements and their remnants, a definitive form of repression. In this organism, germline and somatic functions are separated within two types of nuclei with different genomes. At each sexual cycle, development of the somatic genome is accompanied by the reproducible removal of approximately a third of the germline genome. Instead of recruiting a H3K9 methyltransferase, small RNAs corresponding to eliminated sequences tether Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, which in ciliates has the unique property of catalyzing both lysine 9 and lysine 27 trimethylation of histone H3. These histone modifications that are crucial for the elimination of transposable elements are thought to guide the endonuclease complex, which triggers double-strand breaks at these specific genomic loci. The comparison between ciliates and other eukaryotes underscores the importance of investigating small-RNAs-directed chromatin silencing in a diverse range of organisms. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action.

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
小核糖核酸引导的组蛋白修饰与纤毛虫体细胞基因组的消除
在真菌、植物和动物中,可转座元件和其他重复序列通过小 RNA 引导的组蛋白修饰被抑制。沉默的特异性是通过与这些基因组位点相对应的小 RNA 与新生非编码 RNA 的碱基配对实现的,这种配对可以招募组蛋白甲基转移酶,使组蛋白 H3 上的赖氨酸 9 甲基化。自我强化的反馈环路会增强小 RNA 的产生,并确保稳健和可遗传的抑制作用。在单细胞纤毛虫四膜虫(Paramecium tetraurelia)中,小 RNA 引导的组蛋白修饰导致转座元件及其残余的消除,这是一种明确的抑制形式。在这种生物体内,生殖细胞和体细胞的功能在两种具有不同基因组的细胞核内分离。在每个性周期中,伴随着体细胞基因组的发育,大约三分之一的生殖细胞基因组会被复制移除。纤毛虫的多聚核抑制复合体 2 具有催化组蛋白 H3 的赖氨酸 9 和赖氨酸 27 三甲基化的独特特性。这些对消除转座元件至关重要的组蛋白修饰被认为能引导内切酶复合体在这些特定基因组位点引发双链断裂。纤毛虫与其他真核生物之间的比较强调了在多种生物体中研究小RNA引导的染色质沉默的重要性。本文归类于调控 RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi:作用机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
CiteScore
14.80
自引率
4.10%
发文量
67
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: WIREs RNA aims to provide comprehensive, up-to-date, and coherent coverage of this interesting and growing field, providing a framework for both RNA experts and interdisciplinary researchers to not only gain perspective in areas of RNA biology, but to generate new insights and applications as well. Major topics to be covered are: RNA Structure and Dynamics; RNA Evolution and Genomics; RNA-Based Catalysis; RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules; Translation; RNA Processing; RNA Export/Localization; RNA Turnover and Surveillance; Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches; RNA in Disease and Development; and RNA Methods.
期刊最新文献
Three Stages of Nascent Protein Translocation Through the Ribosome Exit Tunnel. Decoding the role of RNA sequences and their interactions in influenza A virus infection and adaptation. Current Understandings and Open Hypotheses on Extracellular Circular RNAs. The landscape of lncRNAs in cell granules: Insights into their significance in cancer. Deciphering brain cellular and behavioral mechanisms: Insights from single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1