Michal H Kolář, Hugo McGrath, Felipe C Nepomuceno, Michaela Černeková
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
All proteins in living organisms are produced in ribosomes that facilitate the translation of genetic information into a sequence of amino acid residues. During translation, the ribosome undergoes initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling. In fact, peptide bonds are formed only during the elongation phase, which comprises periodic association of transfer RNAs and multiple auxiliary proteins with the ribosome and the addition of an amino acid to the nascent polypeptide one at a time. The protein spends a considerable amount of time attached to the ribosome. Here, we conceptually divide this portion of the protein lifetime into three stages. We define each stage on the basis of the position of the N-terminus of the nascent polypeptide within the ribosome exit tunnel and the context of the catalytic center. We argue that nascent polypeptides experience a variety of forces that determine how they translocate through the tunnel and interact with the tunnel walls. We review current knowledge about nascent polypeptide translocation and identify several white spots in our understanding of the birth of proteins.
生物体内的所有蛋白质都是在核糖体中产生的,核糖体可将遗传信息翻译成氨基酸残基序列。在翻译过程中,核糖体经历了启动、延伸、终止和再循环。事实上,只有在延伸阶段才会形成肽键,该阶段包括转移核糖核酸和多种辅助蛋白质与核糖体的周期性结合,以及在新生多肽中一次添加一个氨基酸。蛋白质在核糖体上附着的时间相当长。在这里,我们从概念上将这部分蛋白质的生命周期分为三个阶段。我们根据新生多肽 N 端在核糖体出口隧道中的位置和催化中心的环境来定义每个阶段。我们认为,新生多肽会经历各种作用力,这些作用力决定了它们如何通过隧道并与隧道壁相互作用。我们回顾了目前有关新生多肽转运的知识,并指出了我们对蛋白质诞生的理解中的几个白点。
期刊介绍:
WIREs RNA aims to provide comprehensive, up-to-date, and coherent coverage of this interesting and growing field, providing a framework for both RNA experts and interdisciplinary researchers to not only gain perspective in areas of RNA biology, but to generate new insights and applications as well. Major topics to be covered are: RNA Structure and Dynamics; RNA Evolution and Genomics; RNA-Based Catalysis; RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules; Translation; RNA Processing; RNA Export/Localization; RNA Turnover and Surveillance; Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches; RNA in Disease and Development; and RNA Methods.