A Rare Presentation: Bilateral Necrotizing Scleritis in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Abstract

Purpose: We report a rare and challenging case of bilateral necrotizing scleritis in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 72-year-old diabetic, hypertensive female patient presented with sudden onset of painful red left eye and was noted to have a corneal ulcer with severe thinning. She was managed with topical fortified antibiotics and tissue glue and bandage contact lens. During subsequent follow-ups, she developed necrotizing scleral melts in both eyes. On investigations, antinuclear antibodies were positive in a dilution of 1:160 with 2+ speckled pattern, with antinuclear antibody line immunoassay showing anti SS-A/ Ro52 positive. In view of rapidly developing scleral thinning and impending perforation, she was started on intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g/day for 3 days, along with steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy (mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg twice a day). She showed a rapid response to therapy and is currently stable on tapering oral steroids and mycophenolate mofetil.

Conclusion: This case underscores the unique presentation of pSS, characterized by bilateral necrotizing scleritis. The favorable outcome was attained through prompt immunosuppressive intervention and a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach. Further, this case report addresses a gap in the existing literature concerning pSS-related scleritis. It also emphasizes the crucial role of a rheumatologist in the comprehensive management of this condition.